Anatomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Anatomy - Essay Example , however, they do not inactivate histamine A: is correct because eosinophils primarily deal with parasitic infections. They also involved in inflammatory cells in allergic reactions. 3. B: I chose adaptive immunity, its a correct choise although not the best choice among those given. E: adaptive immunity also called acquired immunity is protection against infective agents that is not present at birth, but comes about later in life. Adaptive immunity is associated with memory and resistance to infection is improved and enhanced through subsequent natural infection of similar type and is also associated with recognition and specificity. 8. B: injury was an incorrect choice because inflammation cause by injury do not dent in when applied pressure and are painful. C: the correct choice was edema because it is an abnormal collection of fluid in a specific part of the body, which may lead to swelling and pain, edema is also characterized by pitting/ denting when pressure is applied. 9. A: was the incorrect choise because basophil are not made from the white pulp of the spleen, although they may mature in the spleen. B: lymphocytes may be deficient this is because the white pulp of the spleen is involved in specifically making and maturation of the lymphocyte cells. 10. C: acquired immunity was the incorrect choise because it comes later in life when the body is sanitized to different disease causing pathogens. A: innate none

Philosophy - Practical Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Philosophy - Practical Ethics - Essay Example In this paper I will discuss the moral difference between abortion and infanticide with special reference to the views of Michael Tooley and Mary Anne Warren. Metaphysics is an area of philosophy that deals with questions having to do with the ultimate grounding and nature of things in the world. It is concerned with such diverse topics as the mind/body problem, identity, God, the existence and nature of universals, the existence and nature of the soul, and so on. Thus, the morality of abortion, if it is to be construed as contingent upon the nature of the fetus, is an issue whose resolution depends on which metaphysical view of the human person is correct. Given this, let us take a look at Michael's argument. Although he makes many provocative and interesting claims that deserve a reply, I will focus on a small portion of his essay that I believe is the core of his case. According to Michael, "the first principle of religious liberty is that laws will not be based upon abstract metaphysical speculation, but will be fashioned through the democratic processes in which every perspective is subject to critical analysis (Michael, 2000). Any proposal must be open either to revision or rejection." He then goes on to cite, as an example of what is not speculative metaphysics, the viability standard proposed by the Court in Roe. I will first critique Michael's use and defense of the viability standard and then move on to a general critique of Michael's view of "abstract metaphysical speculation." ... the viability standard in particular, fairly, sensibly, and effectively functions to safeguard the constitutional liberties of pregnant women while recognizing and accommodating the State's interest in potential human life. The viability line reflects the biological facts and truths of fetal development; it marks the threshold moment prior to which a fetus cannot survive separate from the woman and cannot reasonably and objectively be regarded as a subject of rights or interests distinct from, or paramount to, those of the pregnant woman (Michael, 2000). At the same time, the viability standard takes account of the undeniable fact that as the fetus evolves into its postnatal form, and as it loses its dependence on the uterine environment, the State's interest in the fetus' potential human life, and in fostering a regard for human life in general, becomes compelling. Michael's argument for the viability standard is nearly identical to the one presented by Blackmun: Part of the genius in Roe v. Wade (now affirmed in Casey) was putting forward the standard of viability: that stage of development at which the fetus has sufficient neurological and physical maturation to survive outside the womb. Prior to that, the fetus simply is not sufficiently developed as an independent being deserving and requiring the full protection of the law, i.e., a person (Michael, 2000). The notion of viability correlates biological maturation with personal identity in a way that can be recognized and accepted by reasonable people. Michael's use of the viability standard is seriously flawed. First, he praises the Court's legal use of the standard and then employs the standard as a decisive moment at which he believes it is reasonable to say that the fetus becomes a person, even though that is

Organizational Structure of Cadbury | Cadbury Business Analysis

Organizational Structure of Cadbury | Cadbury Business Analysis In 1866 when the brothers introduced the process of pressing the cocoa butter out of the cocoa beans. The benefits for the Cadbury brothers was that they could use the butter to make different types of eating chocolate the first of which was the Cadburys dairy milk. A description of Cadburys and their aims and objectives Cadbury is an international company that makes market and sells unique brands chocolate. Cadbury have done this successfully for over 200 years. The reason they are so successful is because they have a clear understanding of the needs of their consumers, customers and other stakeholders. Dunedin is a major centre for Cadbury Schweppes in the region, with the site playing host to Cadbury World and being a major production and distribution centre. (Coursework, 2003) Internal Environment: Financial analysis- Cadbury has invested NZ$69 million to turn Dunedin into a specialist factory and secure manufacturing and jobs in New Zealand. Cadbury Confectionery today confirmed that the restructuring of its New Zealand and Australian manufacturing operations into specialized Centers of Manufacturing Excellence is in its final stage. The project, originally announced back in September 2007 (with a further communication in August 2008) has already seen investment of $NZ69 million to improve the productivity, and secure the long-term future, of its New Zealand manufacturing operations. (Cadbury.co.nz, 2012) Internal organization and structure- Cadbury organization is based on a democratic. Management style decisions are made as a result of a consultation process involving various members of the organization (Cadbury). Cadbury Schweppes also have two different structures. The structure that they use for their board of directors has been re-designed to clarify accountability and enable swifter diction-making. (Quote taken from www.cadburyschweppes.com). Looking at the improved organization structure it is clear to see who is in charge of which departments within the business. (123Helpme, 2012) Looking at Cadburys it is clear to see that the company, over time, has delivered the amount of: Workforce it employees and replaced them with more efficient machines. Outsourcing areas of the company like maintenance and market research. Employees are now multi skilled, thus able to work in more than one area of the business. The company has increased its production and profitability or the restructuring. The Cadbury factories all work independently and the company as a hole is decentralized as each factory uses the resources (E.g. milk) of the country they are in. (123Helpme, 2011) Departments- Inside a business there are many different functional departments all created to help the company in its organizational methods. There are many different departments involved with Cadburys, as there are in any business all used for different functions. These are: Marketing and Sales Finance Administration and IT support Operations Research and Development Production Customer Services Human Resources Many of these all blend in together on the area of their focus but still all play an important part in the running of the business. The three departments that I will be focusing on are marketing and Sales, Operations and Administration and IT support. (123Helpme, 2011) Human Resource- Each of Cadburys factories have a HR department, which deal with the factories demand for: 1. New staff with a good skill level or possible past factory experience. 2. Train new/current staff to be able to use new equipment correctly and efficiently. 3. Help current employees with any problems they may have in their work place. (123Helpme, 2011) 5) Manufacturing/services processes Flow chart of Process Analysis at Cadbury (Source: Slideshare, 2010) 6) Management- Cadburys management style is democratic. This is when all members of staff work together as a team. The managers listen to the other employees ideas and suggestions before they go ahead with decisions. If ideas are found to be achievable and successful by the senior group, then it is taken forward. Then as a team they reach a decision. The approach of this style is that they care and listen to everyone in the teams view and what they think not just their own. This style can be used in both large and small groups. (Cadbury, 2012). It would work well in large motivated groups because they can come to a decision a lot quicker, but in a smaller group they can fail with coming up with a decision amongst themselves and will need real guidance and direction. If a decision cannot be made then a vote will take place and the outcome will be the one with the most votes. This management style is good for Cadbury because it motivates workers; with having power and decision-making and through this it allows them to be involved in the business. (Cadbury, 2012) 7) Research and Development- The Science Product Development teams significantly influence the development of strategic plans and initiatives, leading cross functional teams to resolve technical and business challenges. They are relentless champions of continuous improvement, identifying new programs and insights to benefit the business, significantly contributing and influencing the direction of strategic initiatives to leverage us to a sustainable competitive advantage. (Itsyourkindofplace, 2011) 8) Marketing Function- Cadbury believes that parents and guardians are the most important influence in the development of children. They do not advertise where children under the age of eight years are likely to be the majority of the audience. They also do not believe that its appropriate to sell our confectionery products through vending machines in primary schools and we will not do so. Cadbury will only provide vending machines in secondary schools when were asked to do so by the education or school authority, and when the products meet nutritional guidelines set by the authority. Cadbury organization is proud of its brands. They provide fun and enjoyment as treats or refreshment, and are valued for their functional benefits. They can be enjoyed as part of a balanced diet and lifestyle. They provide choice by offering variety and through innovation and encourage responsible consumption, as this is central to consumers continuing to enjoy our brands. (Cadbury, 2012) Location- Cadbury is a brand with a long history in New Zealand. Cadbury is a confectionery company owned by Kraft Foods and is the industrys second-largest globally after Mars, Incorporated. Headquartered London, United Kingdom, the company operates in more than 50 countries worldwide. It has main branches in Australia, England, New Zealand and South Africa. In New Zealand the main factory is in Dunedin. (Wikipedia, 2012) External Relationship- William was the second son of Richard Cadbury, who has strong Quaker traditions which influenced his whole life. William Cadbury established the Trust soon after his two years as Lord Mayor of Birmingham from 1919 to 1921, wishing to give more help to the causes in which he was interested. One such was the building of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, a medical centre with the space and facilities to bring together the small specialized hospitals scattered throughout Birmingham, giving them the benefit of up to date buildings, shared administration, shared services and hostels for nurses. Through this charity, he also secured several properties for the National Trust. (Bstrust, 2012) Today trustees are guided by William Cadburys concern for the welfare and wellbeing of the inhabitants of Birmingham and the surrounding area, his interest in the work of the Society of Friends at home and abroad and his belief in the continuing need for Penal Reform. (Cadbury, 2012) The Barrow Cadbury Trust is an independent, charitable foundation, committed to supporting vulnerable and marginalized people in society. The Trust provides grants to grassroots voluntary and community groups working in deprived communities in the UK, with a focus on Birmingham and the Black Country. It also works with researchers, think tanks and government, often in partnership with other grant-makers, seeking to overcome the structural barriers to a more just and equal society. (Bstrust, 2012) Competitive Positioning- Cadbury is the number one company in the chocolate making or production in New Zealand in 1824. The main focus of the Cadbury is quality. Its target market is all age groups. From then onwards Cadbury is doing well and gaining the attractions of the customers. Cadbury Confectionery Ltd is the most dominant player in chocolate confectionery in New Zealand. The company rebounded from negative media attention in 2009 to reclaim a lost percentage point in value share during 2010, to account for 52%, making it by far the largest player in chocolate confectionery. (Cadbury, 2012). During 2009, the company downsized the size of its chocolate tablets while retaining the same prices. Furthermore, it began to use palm oil in its production of chocolate (as a replacement for cocoa butter), which sparked a huge public outcry. The company therefore reversed the latter decision to protect its local image. In global terms Kraft Foods Inc purchased Cadbury in early 2010. Despite the concern that the Kraft acquisition would mean that New Zealand Cadbury favorites would be in danger, no changes have been made to local Cadbury offerings. Cadbury Confectionery Ltd was consistently the number one ranked company across all chocolate confectionery segments, exce pt chocolate with toys. (Euromonitor, 2011) Whittaker and Nestle are also great chocolate manufacturing companies and is specialist in making their own products. Nestle is specialist in making white chocolates and Whittaker is topped in the launching dark chocolates. The share value of growth sale of Cadbury, Whittaker and Nestle is given below in the pie chart. Ethical Standing- Cadbury signed with the New Zealand Olympic Committee (NZOC) to sponsor teams in the upcoming Vancouver 2010 Games and the London 2012 Olympics. This followed on from Cadbury committing to Tier Two sponsor status of the London 2010 Olympic and Paralympics Games and also sponsoring the Australian Olympic Committee. (Sportspromedia, 2010) There sponsorship contributed towards helping New Zealand athletes achieve their dreams and delivered the most successful Olympic campaigns New Zealand had ever seen. Cadbury is committed to growing responsibly. They believe responsible business comes from listening and learning, and having in place a clear CSR vision and strategy. Vision Working together to create brands people love. (Sportspromedia, 2010) Cadbury is a leading brand in fundraising and provides its partners, The House of Fundraising and Interworld Fundraising, with a range of top selling products from Cadbury. (Cadbury, 2012) They see CSR as a positive contributor to their competitive strategy. Increasingly they think of it as more about doing responsible things profitably than just doing the profitable things responsibly. CSR strategy Five Pillars of CSR: marketing, food and consumer trends; ethical sourcing and procurement; environment; quality, health and safety; human rights and employment standards; and community. (Innovation.cadbury, 2012) Others Another very successful TV campaign that Cadbury has launched recently is Moro 4th best which encourages Kiwis to give it a go and celebrates the underdog as all Kiwis can! Sales have progressed well for all products launched, demonstrating the strength of Cadbury brand and its heritage of launching successful innovation to market. (Archivesearch, 2009) External Environment: Demography- Demography is the main thing if someone is selling the products. Cadbury, from his very beginning, has a same focus on his demography factors. Cadbury focuses on all the people whether its a child, youngsters, teenagers or oldies. The story starts with Once upon a time in 1948à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ when Cadbury entered the Indian market. It originated from a town in the United Kingdom, Bourneville in 1905. (Cadbury, 2012) As the Cadburys official web site suggests, its journey in India has been an eventful one. In the early 1990s, it tried to cater to the sweet tooth of the children. Those days they steered the market and took control over the companys major market share. However, the strategy changed by letting out the secret that Everyone has a child inside and thus everyone craves for the taste of chocolate. Cadbury strategies went through a considerable change. It now catered from children to adults. There is some differentiation targeting as a variety of Cadbury products are available to cater for the individual needs of different groups of customers. But nowadays the people are suffering with diabetes. So the diabetic segment people started use of less chocolate or sugar free thing. Diabetes: Diabetes occurs when there is too much glucose (sugar) in the blood. Over time, this can cause damage to many parts of the body. Diabetes is common about 170,000 people in New Zealand have diabetes and rising rapidly as more of us are getting fatter. Based on the most likely future scenario, the diabetes epidemic is forecast to grow rapidly over the 15 years from 1996 to 2011. (Healthnavigator, 2012) Forecast increase in number of (diagnosed) diabetics, 1996 to 2011 (Source: Healthnavigator,2012) Economics- Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate is the leader chocolate in overall New Zealand. It will now include Fair trade Certified products in its range. Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate products becoming Fair trade Certified will increase Fair trade chocolate sales 20 fold, and double last years total sales of Fair trade Certified products in New Zealand and Australia. The scale of Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate going Fair trade is massive with more than 5.7 million Fair trade Certified Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate blocks in New Zealand and estimated 350 million Fair trade Certified Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate blocks globally in 2010. (Cadbury, 2012). The move is the result of nearly two years of work with Cadburys Fair trade partners globally. It follows more than 100 years of pioneering ethical chocolate production, including the ground-breaking Cadbury Cocoa Partnership where Cadbury is providing NZ$120 million over 10 years to improve the lives of cocoa farmers. (ChocolateCarnival, 2009) Cadbury has invested NZ$69 million to turn Dunedin into a specialist factory and secure manufacturing and jobs in New Zealand. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In the wake of rising operating and ingredient costs, Cadbury is reducing manufacturing costs so its products remain affordable at the checkout. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Dunedin upgrade into a world class specialist manufacturing facility is almost complete and it will make iconic products such as Cadbury Jaffas, Pascall Pineapple Lumps, Cadbury Chocolate Fish, Cadbury Pinky, and boxed chocolates for Australia and New Zealand as well as chocolate crumb, the base ingredient in Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate. (Cadburyworld, 2012) Cadbury Confectionery today confirmed that the restructuring of its New Zealand and Australian manufacturing operations into specialized Centers of Manufacturing Excellence is in its final stage. The project, originally announced back in September 2007 (with a further communication in August 2008) has already seen investment of $NZ69 million to improve the productivity, and secure the long-term future, of its New Zealand manufacturing operations. (Cadbury, 2012) Political and legal- Cadbury food labeling laws are very precise about what can and cannot be called chocolate. Chocolate is any product made from cocoa nibs, cocoa mass, cocoa, fat-reduced cocoa or any combination of two or more of these ingredients, with or without extracted cocoa butter and sucrose. Dark Chocolate must not contain less than 35% total dry cocoa solids, of which at least 14% must be dry non-fat cocoa solids. Milk chocolate must either be 20:20, with a minimum of 20% dry cocoa solids (of which 2.5% non-fat cocoa solids) and a minimum of 20% milk solids (minimum 5% milk fat). Dairy Milk is this type of milk chocolate. (Skillsspace, 2012) 14:25, with a minimum of 25% dry cocoa solids (of which 2.5% non-fat cocoa solids) and a minimum of 14% milk solids (minimum 3.5% milk fat). This type of milk chocolate can be called European or coating chocolate. (Skillsspace, 2012) The Food Standards Agency is responsible for checking that the law is upheld on the safety of materials that come into contact with food (e.g. food processing machinery and packaging) and food labeling. Labels must contain certain information, e.g. the product`s name, the companys name, a list of ingredients, special storage instructions). Companies have to make sure they know what the law is and that they conform to it. Two important laws are: Food Safety Act, 1990 Sale and Supply of Goods Act, 1994 Covers four main areas: Goods must: 1. Labeling 1. Be of a satisfactory quality 2. Additives 2. Fit the description given 3. Composition (or content) 3. Be fit for their purpose as made known to the seller 4. Public health and hygiene. (Source: Skillsspace, 2012) Social and culture- The culture of Cadburys started out being paternalistic as the company was devoted to making its employees feel welcome and valued within the company. Cadburys relied on its staff very heavily as without a vast employee base the company would not be the big corporation it is today. Cadburys built their famous Bourneville site along with accommodation for gaining the attractions of an employee so the workforce would be close to their place of business. Along with this the factory was built in the middle of a garden so when employees had finished work or were on a break they had somewhere to relax as well as socialize with other colleges on a Sunday as the factory was closed. Today Cadburys have become a company who has a culture, which is interested in keeping its stakeholders happy. Along with this and the advancement in technology Cadburys have now lost its broad employee range and replaced it with machines and now only employ enough staff to keep the machines going. By being stakeholder driven the company has now become controlled by shareholders who are mainly interested in the company making a profit. (123helpme, 2011) Technology- The special taste and texture of Cadbury chocolate is based on long traditions of expertise in chocolate recipe and processing methods unique to Cadbury. In this competitive era and due to advancement in science, technologies are improving and getting more reliable for the people and new technology enables the process to be highly tuned to consumers evolving tastes and preferences. Chocolate production is a highly sophisticated, computer controlled process, with much of the new specialist technology and machinery being produced to Cadburys own design and specification. The Dunedin facility employs over 700 personnel and produces in excess of 5,000t of chocolate crumb every year as well as finished products. (Cadbury, 2012). The factory is the largest chocolate manufacturing plant in New Zealand. It supplies finished products for the domestic markets in New Zealand and Australia and, in addition, exports chocolate crumb to Cadbury finishing plants in Australia, Pakistan and China. Dunedin in New Zealand was chosen by Cadbury because of its excellent infrastructure and a plentiful supply of rich milk for chocolate production. Chocolate crumb is a commodity that is in demand globally as the consumption of chocolate per capita worldwide increases to record levels. (Tourism.net, 2012) Economy- In December 2006 Cadbury Schweppes, the well-known confectionery manufacturer, announced the expansion of its operation in New Zealand on the South Island in the city of Dunedin. The expansion project required a total investment of NZ$69m (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬39m). (Cadburyworld, 2012). In August 2008, an additional investment was announced taking the total amount of investment in the project to NZ$69m. Part of the investment was contributed through the Investment New Zealand Strategic Investment Fund. This amount was around NZ$2m and was granted ostensibly for Cadbury to establish an international chocolate crumb research and product development centre at the Dunedin site. (Tourism, 2012) Cadbury contributed a further NZ$17.5m for new buildings, plant and environmental work. The company provided a further NZ$500,000 for the RD centre. (Foodprocessing, 2012). Contractors working for Cadbury Schweppes included Production Logistics NZ for control system integration and software development for the manufacturing control systems. Streak Automation has also worked on the Pack100 Wrapper Automation upgrade that involved the redesign and upgrade of the PLC and servo controls and mechanics for the high-speed wrapping machine, which wraps all of the small-size chocolate at the site. Finally, the manufacturing areas (surfaces, pipes, machinery and ceilings) at Dunedin use a special paint with low volatiles (low odor) to avoid tainting the products. (Foodprocessing-technology, 2011) SWOT Analysis- Strengths: Large teeming population of kids and teenagers Well established market Vast variety of products Priced according to Indian mind set Easy availability of cocoa in New Zealand Weakness: Large portion of population suffers from diabetes, cholesterol disorders etc Dental problems associated with consumption of chocolates. Opportunities: Innovative uncaptured chocolate market in New Zealand (such as sugar free chocolate sector). Large number of occasion celebrations and festivals in which chocs are used as a medium to convey happiness. Increasing acceptance of Globalisation and better relationship with foreign companies. Threats Competition- cut throat competition from nestle, Whitakers and international choc brands. Negative publicity and contrivances. Negative publicity and contrivances. New entrance and individual players ( rise in sale of homemade chocolates) Preference and availability of other substitutes ( sweets and deserts). Marketing Objectives: Market Share- Cadbury Confectionery Ltd is the most dominant player in chocolate confectionery in New Zealand. It has 52 % share in the market. But now its main objective is to increase its market share from 52% to 60%. For this Cadbury will now introduce more products to cater the needs of the different age sectors of the people by serving them with best quality and taste with best prices too. Growth- Cadbury has many factories for different products. Its main factory in New Zealand is in Dunedin. But nowadays the people are getting health conscious and they are getting less attracted towards the sugar products especially the children and oldies. So to satisfy their need and gain their attentions Cadbury will introduce a sugar free chocolate to resolve their unsatisfactory or unnecessary attentions towards sugar products. So to get this in existence and competition Cadbury will produce or build up new factories for sugar free chocolate at Dunedin. Cadbury will invest NZ$ 70 million to turn Dunedin into a specialist factory and introduce a sugar free chocolate manufacturing plant and secure manufacturing and jobs in New Zealand. Unit Sales- The staggering 120 million of Chocolate bars are sold every year and out of it 60 million of bars are of Cadbury and it uses 33000 liters of milk is used in the everyday production of chocolate at Dunedin chocolate plant. But now Cadbury`s main aim is to keep the unit up to 100 million every year. Sales $ %- Cadbury has sale of $120 millions in the last fiscal year. But now It is launching Cadbury Dairy Milk Lite, so its main aim is to take the sale up to $150 millions in the upcoming years. Profits- Cadbury always been there in market for the customer. So cater the need of all the group ages its taking this step and launching sugar free chocolate for the kids sector, middle age sectors and oldies as well. Also it will be beneficial for the diabetic patients and for those who are very health conscious as this sector people are increasing day by day. So Cadbury believes that its a possible. Marketing Strategies: Marketing Objectives of the company has a straight focus on the customers demand and cater the need of all age sectors customers and get the company at the top peak of all confectionary companies and remained stand on the first among all the chocolate companies by servicing best quality for which Cadbury is known for. Target Sector- The main target of Cadbury will be Kids although the other age sectors can eat it. Children (more Crazy) Youth (Gift) Parents (Care of own children) Older Age (After Having Dinner or Lunch) Promotions- Events( Christmas Celebration, Easter Shows, annually) Magazines( Women`s Weekly, 6 months) Websites( Facebook, ongoing) Posters(Retail Outlets, ongoing) Television( TV 2, Sticky TV -1 Year and TV 3-Saturday Night Movies, 1 Year) Place- Major Super Markets( New World, Countdown, Super Value Market, Pak n Save) Service Stations Medical Clinics , Rest Homes Pharmacy Dairys and convenience stores School Canteens Price- Price is an important element of the marketing mix. Initially Cadbury Dairy Milk Lite will come in the Market with an introductory price of 99c .This price will be valid for 3 months. Then the price charged for a chocolate bar can determine whether a consumer will buy it and the level of sales achieved can determine whether or not Cadbury Schweppes will make a profit. At the end of the introductory offer, the new price will be set between $1 and $2 depending on factors such as the economy, what competitors are charging, the stage reaches in the products life cycle and above all what price the market will bear. Products- Bars and Toffee Milk Family Packs Packing and Branding Square and Blocks Cadbury will first introduce its Cadbury Dairy Milk Lite in Bars and Toffee Milk for all age sectors people. After the 3 months Cadbury will launch Family Packs or can say Gift Packs so that it can be given as a presents at wedding ceremony, birthday parties and on every happy occasions. Then within six months Square and Blocks will come in existence in new shape of Cadbury with a same packaging and branding. Marketing Mix Tactics- Price: Price relates to the pricing strategy for your products or services. Pricing should take into consideration how much the market is prepared to pay (market demand pricing) and mark-ups that are needed to cater for overheads, other costs and profit margins. The provision of credit to clients, the range of credit cards accepted, volume discounting and incentives for early payment are other things to consider in your pricing strategy. So Price is the only marketing mix on which the company turnover depends. It can affect the sale percentage of an organization. As first Cadbury launches its Cadbury Dairy Milk Lite in the bar and toffee milk form. So first the toffee milk will be in pack that is 2 toffee milk in 1 pack of 99c and bar will be of $1.99 with 50g. As new machinery will be there so its easy and comfortable for the production. As mostly the bar chocolate rates are more than expected so it will be beneficial for a Cadbury Market to launch a bar chocolate at reasonable price. For this Cadbury Dairy Milk Lite will come in the Market with an introductory price of 99c .This price will be valid for 3 months. Then the price charged for a chocolate bar can determine whether a consumer will buy it and the level of sales achieved can determine whether or not Cadbury Schweppes will make a profit. At the end of the introductory offer, the new price will be set between $1 and $2 depending on factors such as the economy, what competitors are charging, the stage reaches in the products life cycle and above all what price the market will bear. Fo r Toffee milk as mentioned above the inductor price will be 99 c on 1 pack containing two toffee milk. Then onwards in the next phase of marketing it will remain same on 99c but with some discount like 4 packs for 3 dollars up to December 2012. In the next 3 months after launching of bars and toffee milk Family pack will come in the market in the size of 350g with price of $4.99. Then within the 6 months blocks will be in existence in 200g with $2.99 and get 2 blocks in only $ 4.99. It lasts for 3 months and then price will be change depending upon the marketing sale. Place: Place plays a vital role in the marketing and if it will differs from the objective that is what a company needs to do and how to increase a sale and what`s the target market as well then it can badly affect the organization. As it is well known that Cadbury is the big and number 1 company in chocolate making and now exists under the Kraft food which has a largest confectionary share in the whole market so it will not be difficult to find a place of its marketing. But as Cadbury Dairy Milk Lite will be there so new place will also be entered in its market that is medical care centre like pharmacy, clinics, school colleges etc. Dunedin is the biggest factory of Cadbury chocolate production. So all the production will occur and maintain here and then it will be distributed to rest of the places like Super Markets like Countdown, New World, Pak n Save, Dairy Shops, Service Stations, School and College Canteens and on Pharmacy as well. It will be openly distributed to all parts and zone of New Zealand. Product: Cadbury has many products in his market. All satisfy the need of customer. So every company has a goal to attract a different target sector customer. In other words Demographic factor is an important one if any organization launches a product. So production of the product should depend on this factor. Cadbury, from his very beginning, has a same focus on his demography factors. Cadbury focuses on all the people whether its a child, youngsters, teenagers or oldies. Now Cadbury will be launching Cadbury Dairy Milk Lite which is sugar free chocolate. As the There is some differentiation targeting as a variety of Cadbury products are available to cater for the individual needs of different groups of customers. But nowadays the people are suffering with diabetes. So the diabetic segment people started use of less chocolate or sugar free thing.

Agatha Christie :: essays research papers

Agatha Christie: Queen of the Mystery Genre Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller was born to Mr. and Mrs. Fred Miller of Torquay, Devon, England. Researchers debate on the year in which she was born, but it was September 15 in either 1890 or 1891. Her father was an American who lived with his British wife in Torquay. At the time, her parents did not realize that their daughter would one day become a famous English author, writing an insatiable amount of novels and plays. Her focus was mainly on the mystery genre of literature. She was married two times, and bore one daughter by her first husband. In 1971, five years before her death, Christie was given the prestigious title of a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire. She died January 12, 1976 at Wallingford in Oxfordshire (Prichard www.mysteries.com/birthday/). Agatha Miller was born the third child to her parents, Fred and Mary Miller. She grew up in Torquay, Devon, England. She was taught at home by her mother and several tutors and governesses, never attending a real sch ool. As a child, Miller kept herself occupied by inventing games to play with her siblings. Not being around other children besides her siblings made Miller a shy child. She was not outspoken in her thoughts, so she expressed her feelings in music. Later in life, she would turn to writing as a means of expression (Yaffe BKYaffe@nltl.columbia.edu). Agatha Miller’s first husband was Archibald Christie, who was a World War I fighter pilot. The newlywed Mrs. Christie worked as a nurse while her husband was off at war. Through her nursing experiences, she learned of many new drugs on the market. These drugs fascinated her, thus prompting her to use them as factors in several of her Graham 2 works. Her marriage to Christie lasted only twelve years, and they were divorced in 1926. Not long after her divorce from her first husband, Christie disappeared without a trace for a short period of ten days. She was found at a resort hotel, claiming to be a victim of amnesia caused by emotion al stress. Agatha Christie had checked into the hotel under the alias Theresa Neele; Neele being the surname of her husband’s mistress. After a full memory recovery, Christie claimed for the rest of her life that she truly suffered amnesia. Some critics say that Christie faked her amnesia to do two things. Agatha Christie :: essays research papers Agatha Christie: Queen of the Mystery Genre Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller was born to Mr. and Mrs. Fred Miller of Torquay, Devon, England. Researchers debate on the year in which she was born, but it was September 15 in either 1890 or 1891. Her father was an American who lived with his British wife in Torquay. At the time, her parents did not realize that their daughter would one day become a famous English author, writing an insatiable amount of novels and plays. Her focus was mainly on the mystery genre of literature. She was married two times, and bore one daughter by her first husband. In 1971, five years before her death, Christie was given the prestigious title of a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire. She died January 12, 1976 at Wallingford in Oxfordshire (Prichard www.mysteries.com/birthday/). Agatha Miller was born the third child to her parents, Fred and Mary Miller. She grew up in Torquay, Devon, England. She was taught at home by her mother and several tutors and governesses, never attending a real sch ool. As a child, Miller kept herself occupied by inventing games to play with her siblings. Not being around other children besides her siblings made Miller a shy child. She was not outspoken in her thoughts, so she expressed her feelings in music. Later in life, she would turn to writing as a means of expression (Yaffe BKYaffe@nltl.columbia.edu). Agatha Miller’s first husband was Archibald Christie, who was a World War I fighter pilot. The newlywed Mrs. Christie worked as a nurse while her husband was off at war. Through her nursing experiences, she learned of many new drugs on the market. These drugs fascinated her, thus prompting her to use them as factors in several of her Graham 2 works. Her marriage to Christie lasted only twelve years, and they were divorced in 1926. Not long after her divorce from her first husband, Christie disappeared without a trace for a short period of ten days. She was found at a resort hotel, claiming to be a victim of amnesia caused by emotion al stress. Agatha Christie had checked into the hotel under the alias Theresa Neele; Neele being the surname of her husband’s mistress. After a full memory recovery, Christie claimed for the rest of her life that she truly suffered amnesia. Some critics say that Christie faked her amnesia to do two things.

The Lord of the Flies Journal Entry Chapter 2

Entry II: Day 1 Today’s events have left me thinking a bit. After we got back from exploring the island, Ralph assembled another meeting to spread our new discoveries. We realized everyone would not stop talking at once, so Ralph decided that whoever holds the conch has the right to talk and can only be interrupted by Ralph himself. Great idea at first, until that fat, useless oaf Piggy took it. He wouldn’t stop worrying and whining about getting rescued. Ralph said it himself, his dad’s a navy commander and will probably have us rescued in a few days.I don’t understand why he doesn’t have faith in Ralph like the others. After a while, Ralph brought up the great idea of making a fire in order to signal the rescuers we would be on the island. I knew there was little time to waste just sitting around, so I led the group into the forest to gather firewood. Upon gathering wood, I was the one who came up with the idea of using Fatty’s specs as bur ning glasses. Still, I had never imagined that keeping a fire burning would be so hard! Later, I humbly offered the choir to maintain the fire in shifts. Everything went well until that swine Piggy decided to speak out again.He kept repeating himself about how building a fire was a bad choice, even though he didn’t contribute squat to anything to begin with. Still, bigger problems arose to overshadow his stupidity. The fire we thought had been put out actually spread and began burning down a chunk of the forest. To top it off, we are now missing a little shrimp with a mulberry-colored scar on his face. I remember him as the one who wouldn’t stop scaring others by talking about the â€Å"beasties in the forest†. Stupid kids always getting themselves into trouble. As the leader of the hunters, I will definitely find him.

Handling Laboratory And Chemical Apparatus Essay

Introduction Laboratory equipment can be hazardous if they are not used and maintained properly. Laboratory personnel must be trained on the proper use of laboratory equipment prior to using the equipment. Glassware is designed for a specific purpose. It should only be used for that purpose. â€Å"Makeshift† apparatus may be unstable and could lead to accidents and injuries. When selecting glassware, determine the compatibility of the glassware with the chemicals or process. Some chemicals react with glass or cause damage (etch) glass. If your process involves temperature or pressure changes, ensure the glassware can withstand the changes. Many dangers lurk in the  laboratory. The most obvious risks are chemical hazards, but unsafe usage of laboratory apparatus can lead to disastrous consequences as well. There are certain procedures which must be observed when handling laboratory apparatus to reduce accidents and prevent injury. Working safely with hazardous chemicals requires proper use of laboratory equipment. Maintenance and regular inspection of laboratory equipment are essential parts of this activity. Many of the accidents that occur in the laboratory can be attributed to improper use or maintenance of laboratory equipment. This chapter discusses prudent practices for handling equipment used frequently in laboratories. The most common equipment-related hazards in laboratories come from devices powered by electricity devices for work with compressed gases, and devices for high or low pressures and temperatures. Other physical hazards include electromagnetic radiation from lasers and radio-frequency generating devices. Seemingly ordinary hazards such as floods from water-cooled equipment, accidents with rotating equipment and machines or tools for cutting and drilling, noise extremes, slips, trips, falls, lifting, and poor ergonomics account for the greatest frequency of laboratory accidents and injuries. References: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK55884/ http://www.uvm.edu/safety/lab/safe-handling-of-glassware https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/docs/Sigma-Aldrich/Usage/1/glass_care_safe_handling.pdf http://mdk12.org/instruction/curriculum/science/safety/handling.html SAFETY IN THE USE OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENT Glassware The primary hazards associated with laboratory glassware  are cuts from broken glassware, puncture wounds from  attempting to force thermometers or glass tubing into  stoppers, and burns from inadvertently touching heated  glassware.  Laboratory glassware should never be used for food or beverages.  When using glass tubing, all cut ends should be fire polished. Use a  dustpan and brush, not your hands, to pick up broken glass. Broken glass should be discarded in a separate designated container. Use the right size and type of glassware for any given operation. Wear proper cut†resistant gloves when inserting or removing glass tubing from flexible tubing or a stopper. Ensure that stopper holes are appropriately sized and carefully insert tubing by gently twisting back and forth. When cutting a piece of glass tubing, score a line using a file or equivalent. Wrap a cloth or paper towel around the tubing and break at the score over a piece of cloth/paper to catch any pieces. Centrifuges Most hazards associated with centrifuges are due to the processing of hazardous materials and poor mechanical conditions.   Ensure centrifuges have an interlocking device that will prevent both the lid from being opened when the rotor is in motion and the centrifuge from starting when the lid is open.   Inspect the centrifuge tubes prior to use for stress lines, hairline cracks and chipped rims. Ensure the centrifuge is properly balanced. Load the rotor with samples arranged symmetrically. Opposing tubes must be of equal weight. If necessary, use â€Å"water blank† tubes to balance sample tubes of unequal weight. Avoid over†filling the tubes. Use caps or stoppers on centrifuge tubes. Avoid using lightweight materials such as aluminum foil as caps. Do not open the lid during or immediately after operation, attempt to stop a spinning rotor by hand or with an object, or interfere with the interlock safety device. Decant supernatants carefully and avoid vigorous shaking when re†suspending. Never exceed the specified speed limitations of the rotor. Inspect the O†ring on the rotor lid regularly and replace if cracked or dry. Never operate a centrifuge if the rotor lid is missing its O†ring. Do not leave the centrifuge until it has reached its programmed speed. Decontaminate the outside of the cups/buckets and rotors before and after centrifugation. Unless fitted with a suitable exhaust system, do not centrifuge materials capable of creating flammable or explosive vapors. Immediately abort the run if you  hear abnormal vibration, whining or grinding noises. At the end of the run, ensure the rotor and centrifuge are cleaned according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Do not use abrasive cleaners. Rotors are easily damaged. Do not use metal tools to remove tubes or clean. Do not attempt to move the centrifuge while it is in operation. Gas Burners All laboratory workers using gas burners shall follow these  guidelines: Place the burner away from any overhead shelving or equipment. Remove all papers, notebooks, combustible materials and containers of flammable chemicals from the area surrounding the burner. Tie†back long hair, remove dangling jewelry and secure any loose clothing. Inspect the rubber tubing for cracks, holes, or other defects and ensure that the hose is securely connected on the gas valve and the burner. Report any damage to the laboratory supervisor and replace any defective parts. Inform others in the laboratory that the burner will be in use. Use a burner sparker to ignite the gas burner. Never use a match or cigarette lighter to ignite a burner. Hold the sparker above the burner before turning on the gas and ignite immediately after opening the gas valve. Adjust the flame by turning the collar to regulate airflow and produce an appropriate flame. Do not leave open flames unattended. Never leave the laboratory while the burner is on. Turn off the gas when the burner is no longer needed. Ensure the main laboratory gas valve is off before leaving the laboratory. Regularly inspect all gas valves in the laboratory to ensure they are completely shut off. Heating and Cooling Glassware Check with the glassware manufacturer to determine safe temperature usage. Most glassware can only be exposed to certain high and low temperatures. Usage outside of those ranges may cause damage or breakage to the glassware. Always watch evaporation closely. A vessel, heated after evaporation has already occurred, may crack. Do not put hot glassware on cold or wet surfaces as it may break with temperature change. Never heat glassware that is etched, cracked, chipped, nicked or scratched. Glassware with thick walls (e.g. bottles and jars) should never be heated over a direct flame. Additionally, do not heat glassware directly on electrical heating elements. Do not look down into a vessel being heated. Cool all glassware slowly to prevent breakage, unless using specifically designed glassware. Use care when removing glassware from ultra-low temperature freezers (-70 to -150 C) to prevent thermal shock and cracking. For best results, immediately rinse the entire bottle under cold running water until thawing begins. Never place bottles directly from the freezer into warm water baths. When using a Bunsen burner, the flam should touch the glass below the liquid level. A ceramic-centered wire gauze will diffuse the burner flame to provide more even heat. Always use hotplates that are larger than the bottom of the vessel being heated. Thick-walled glassware (e.g. jars, bottles, cylinders, and filter flasks) should never be heated on hot plates. When using a hot/stir plate, ensure that only the settings necessary are activated (i.e. if you do not intend to heat, ensure the hot plate is NOT turned on. Cleaning and Drying Glassware Good lab technique necessitates the use of clean glassware. Glass must be physically clean, chemically clean, an in many cases, sterile. Many glassware accidents occur during cleaning. Some reminders when washing and drying glassware. Eye protection and heavy-duty slip-resistant and chemically resistant gloves should be worn when washing glassware. Wash glassware as quickly as possible after use. The longer it is left unwashed, the harder it will be to clean. If necessary, allow harder to clean apparatus to soak in soapy water. Do not overload sinks, dishwashers, or soaking bins. Keep glassware clear of the sides of the sink. Rubber sink and counter mats can also help reduce the risk of breakage and injury. Never use worn out cleaning brushes; they can scratch or abrade the glass. Specialized training in the safe usage of caustic cleaning agents must be completed before using aqua-regia, chromic acid or other reactive solutions to clean glassware. When drying glassware, place articles on towels, lined basket, or slip-resistant pads. Be sure to place away from the edge of the bench. Large containers may be hung on pegs to dry. When cleaning pipettes, place  pipettes, tips down, into a cylinder or tall jar of water or appropriate disinfectant (e.g. for biologically contaminated tips). A pad of cotton or glass wool at the bottom will help prevent breakage of the tips. Ensure the water or disinfectant level is high enough to immerse the pipettes. New glassware should be washed before use to remove any residue or loose particles. Disposal and Spill Clean-up Spills and Broken Glass Glass is fragile and breaks easily. When glass breaks, care should be taken to reduce the risk of cuts. If something is falling, let it drop! Catching it may cause the glassware to break in your hand. Wear cut-resistant gloves when handling broken glass. Disposal nitrile or latex gloves should NEVER be worn. Glass will cut through those gloves. When cleaning broken glass, use mechanical means to pick up the pieces. Tongs, tweezers, or forceps should be used to pick up large pieces of broken glass. Small shards can be picked up using a wet paper towel or absorbent pad or by using rolled-up tape. Disposal Proper disposal ensure that others aren’t injured by improperly disposed of broken glass. Contaminated broken glass Place in rigid, puncture-resistant container (e.g. sharps container). For biologically contaminated broken glass, closed and sealed container should be placed in bio hazardous waste box for disposal. For chemically contaminated broken glass, closed and sealed containers should be tagged as chemical waste. Uncontaminated broken glass Uncontaminated broken glass may be disposed of in a broken glass box or uncontaminated waste box. Activity Objectives: Let’s see if you can recall the things that you learned and how sharp your eyes is! Find the following words that is related on what have  you learned from the topic.

Strategic People Resourcing Essay Example

Strategic People Resourcing Essay Example Strategic People Resourcing Essay Strategic People Resourcing Essay People resourcing or human resources can be defined as the ‘available talents of energies of people who are available to an organization as potential contributors to the creation and realization of the organization’s mission vision, strategy and goals’ (Jackson of Schuler, 2000, p 37). Schuler and Jackson (1999, p 52) defined Strategic Human Resources Management (SHRM) as ‘the pattern of planned human resource development and activities intended to enable an organization to achieve its goals’  Ã‚   Armstrong and Baroon (2002, p 41) defined SHRM as ‘a general approach to the strategic management of human resources in accordance with the intentions of the organization on the future direction it wants to take.   It is concerned with longer term people issues as part of the strategic management processes of the business’. We can say therefore that SHRM is trying to look at the long term management of people and how it mergers with business strategy.   There are two theories used in human resource management.   These are the Michigan approach; also know as the ‘hard’ approach and the Harvard approach also known as the ‘soft’ approach. The Michigan model sees employees as resources and in the same way, as any other resources.   It further elaborates that hence human resource should be ;obtained as cheaply as possible, used sparingly and developed and exploited as much as possible’. The Harvard model sees employees as resources that are fundamentally different from other resources so have to be managed differently. As a result of this the Harvard approach outlined that the following areas should be included in a HR policy. These are the HR flow (recruitment, selection to termination), reward systems, employee influence (levels of authority and responsibility) and la stly work systems (work definitions and design) (Colbert, 2004). Today, HR is seen or recognized as a competitive advantage to the business.   This shows that the strengths of weaknesses of a company’s HR dept can affect business continuity. It has thus become a strategic resource that needs to be incorporated in the business strategic plan. Handling people is a very sensitive job as people are complex resources.   No mathematical formula can be applied to them so as to come up with the best solution to handle them, the way we do with other resources. People are also a resource that cannot be eliminated or substituted with another resource and if handled wrong, they can adversely affect business continuity.   According to Jackson of Schuler (2000 p 37) human resource is †the available talents of energies of people who are available to the organization as potential contributors to the creation of realization of the organization mission, vision, strategy of goals†.   Today most human resources departments follow Theory Y. Managers have realized that HR is not just handling individuals but it needs to go strategic and incorporate business objectives into its functions. Due to this, HR departments are now bigger and have more duties to carry out.   They have to incorporate more issues in their everyday activities and hence have faced challenges. HR departments have to now be sensitive about environmental issues as well as internal issues faced by the business. Some of these challenges that HR departments now face include employee career and self development, change management, coaching and mentoring, motivation and staff retention, performance management, recruiting and staffing, team building among many others.   The HR department has to find a way of incorporating all these issues so that they best enhance business continuity. Recruitment of the best in the market and their retention has become a major challenge in HR departments today. Organization would like to recruit the best possible employees who will contribute greatly to the organization goals and increase its success.   To attract good staff, the human resource department must have for example, good reward schemes that can attract the extremely talented people.   The firm should ensure that it has a fairly attractive package when compared to its competitors.   The aim of the department should be how to recruit the best staff especially in its core areas of business. Another challenge is employee turnover and retention. When too many employees leave a firm, word goes out and potential employees get a negative attitude towards the company.   Even current employees get de-motivated and start looking for new jobs.   For the firm’s best interests, the human resource department should try and prevent this by conducting job-leaving interviews to find out why the person is leaving (Priem Butler, 2001) and also having current employees do reviews on the firm in general working conditions.   Employee turnover is a symptom and not a problem. To keep employees one has to motivate them, and make them feel that working for this particular firm, is the best thing ever. Employees leave because of various reasons. These include poor or no motivation, lack of promoted or recognition, poor employee-manager relationships among others.   Research shows that 70% of workers apply for jobs during office hours (Nankervis, Compton McCarthy, 1999). This shows that employees are not only using company resources ineffectively but are also not happy where they are. McClelland interviewed a group of engineers and clerical staff and asked them when they felt they had achieved job satisfaction. Their results brought him to the conclusion that workers have three types of motivational needs i.e. motivation to achieve, motivation for authority and motivation for recognition (Schein Bennis 1965). McClelland theory is critised as critics say it can not be applied to non-professional groups and also that some of its wordings like ‘job satisfaction’ are debatable. Worker retention schemes include having a well structured organization chart where one is rewarded both monetary and also by position or promotion.   An employee should know which level he is currently are and where they should aim to get to or promoted to.   This motivates them and gives them a sense of purpose and recognition.   An advantage of this method is that is makes the promotion method straightforward and easy to implement and adopt. It also very open and cases of unfair promotion are minimized. It also provides systematic promotion and one cannot be promoted two places higher in the hierarchy. They have a follow the organization chart hierarchy. A disadvantage is the case where a very talented employee has to wait many months for promotion hence his talents are getting wasted and his motivation level dwindling (Schuler Jackson, 1987). Another way to retain employees is to make them engage in decision making.   This makes them feel a part of the organization and this helps incorporate their views into the company. This is a way of practicing participatory leadership where decisions are reached as a team and not as orders from above. A good firm is one that allows its employees to engage in various projects voluntarily like new product development, customer enhancement projects and many such others, This way an employee can contribute engage in corporate goals in a way he or she feels they are best suited. Advantages of this method include that the worker feels important and recognized. Also the firm gets to benefit from diverse ideas hence gets to implement the best of them. Disadvantages include too much time is wasted making a decision. Should it have been a one person decision it would have been made faster. Quality of decision can be wanting as the employees who came up with it may just be too incapable of m aking such a decision. Training is another way to retain employees. When a worker’s academic welfare is taken care of, he tends to concentrate on his work and look for ways to get promoted within the company.   Advantages of this method are that the firm gets highly skilled staff Secondly, the worker becomes highly motivated. Coaching and mentoring is another way to retain workers.   Although senior management has access to professional coaching, staff in lower levels often have to coach and mentor themselves. This is sad because the senior management should act as the role models of the junior staff and this ensures that there is more top-down communication taking place in the organization and everyone is involved. The aim of mentoring according to Milkovich Boudreau (1991, p49) is to ‘enhance the work commitment, attitudes of employees’ and this brings about the sense of belonging in the organization. Advantages include that this technique brings about enhancement of team work, a feeling of belonging and increases loyalty of the employee to the organization. Another challenge of the human resource department is how to monitor performance and enhance it. Time is money thus organizations have to ensure that employees input the most during working hours. Performance management is very vital and an organization should ensure it has policies that do this. The performance management should be people friendly and hence not make employees feel like they are being scrutinized or over-watched.   Nobody likes being judged and even managers may find appraisals a threat to their subordinates’ loyalty.   All in all ensure your performance monitoring brings about employee skill development and organization improvement for it to be termed as successful. Downsizing is never a pleasant thing both to the employee and employer.   However, sometimes down sizing is vital as it can be an organizational only hope for survival but it should be used sparingly. Downsizing should be done with care and professionalism as it can destroy an organization. Another thing to look out for is to ensure that the firm’s intellectual capacity is not affected. Also, downsizing should never be put down as an achievement in managerial reports. To avoid litigation, downsizing should be given to the legal department to handle.   Above all, firms should learn to downsize with dignity so as to preserve their corporate image. Handling of employee terminations can lead to several law suits against the firm.   Terminations are highly sensitive issues and should be handled with care and very sensitively.   Whatever the cause of termination, be it firing or downsizing, it should be done in a professional manner and making sure very few wounds are created.   Management should handle down sizing as a project where all details are documented.   Have an interview with all to be dismissed and explain to them the reasons for dismissal.   Answer all questions they ask even irrational ones and let the one who is handling them be a professional who can answer difficult questions. Also the firm should take necessary precautions like changing security codes or passwords to computers and sensitive company documents.   Downsizing also affects current employees. It is essential that the firm also hold meetings with current employees to re-assure them that they should not get demoralized as no additional lay off s are warranted soon.   Assure them that the previous down sizing was warranted.   As of the legal implications, make sure that the terminations conform to the company regulations and that the proper procedure has been carried out.   Engage the services of the legal advisor of the company and let him approve that all is well. Another challenge that is often faced by the people resourcing departments face is the issue of globalization.   A firm is finding it has various branches world wide.   Each country has different laws thus it becomes increasingly difficult to have a harmonized or standardized human resource policy.   The human resource is part of traditional management functions we learn about in management classes.   Even though each company appoints a human resource manager, reality dictates that all managers should act as resourcing managers as they are handling people. Other issues are outsourcing.   This is the recruitment of another firm to perform some company work.   Some of these recruited companies do not have an acceptable human resource policy and instead engages in sweat shop technique of enslaving the employee and keeping all the profits.   Associating with such firms gives the company a bad reputation and thus affect company image. New concepts are being incorporated in the way firms are now doing business. Foer example, job design is changing and firms should ensure they integrate these new techniques of job design into their firm.   Today, people are not necessarily coming into the office but are working from their homess of such companies include many multi nationals where employees like the sales team, log on remotely and update their records on sales made for the day.   They only visit the office should need arise. With the onset of technologies like video conferencing, meetings can now take place across borders or seas.   Company branches world wide can take part in a meeting without ever leaving their countries.   This is shown like in BBC where the head office in London holds video conferences with journalists the world over.   Flexible working hours have also to be tolerated today because the world has become a global village and a twenty four hour market place.   Business is today conducted twenty four hours a day either through the internet or via shops located around the world.   A company has to thus structure its hours to fit into this concept.   The human resources department should be able to negotiate with it employees to see who can work which hours and thus make everyone happy to work their shift. With all that has been said, we can thus come up with the best human resources theory to follow.   The Harvard theory of treating employees differently from other resources in the organization.   Employees are not materials bur humans who can reason thus judge the way they are treated.   Other resources are not alive, and hence are useless unless put to use by the human resource.   Other resources can be substituted but not the human resource.   This shows that the human   resource,   should be treated differently and very cautiously as their performance affects the overall performance of the organization. Trying to see how the human resource can fit in with the long term goals of the company is the way forward for all people resourcing departments. Conflicts have arisen as to how to fit HR with strategic goals of the firm.   Does one create HR polices that fit business strategies or ones that correspond to the firm’s life cycle (Colbert, 2004). In conclusion, the HR departments should remember that their focus or goals have changed.   HR is no longer about serving people individually but about using people to achieve the firm’s strategic objectives (Priem Butler, 2001). Strategic human resource management is about achieving organizational excellence and continuity hence human resource management, should be viewed as a source of competitive advantage and hence handled seriously.

How to Write an Argumentative Essay - Paperell.com

How to Write an Argumentative Essay How to Write an Argumentative Essay What Is An Argumentative Essay?It is one of many kinds of academic writing most students will face on numerous occasions in their academic career. There is no single argumentative essay definition as such, but it is usually assumed to be a genre that requires the student to study the topic thoroughly; gather and assess evidence; and establish a view on the problem succinctly. Explore more on this  handy resource!Such assignments necessitate extensive research of primary and secondary literature on the topic. In some cases, it may even call for empirical research through surveys, experiments, observations or interviews. Through detailed analysis, students learn about the topic and get to know different opinions on it. Thus they feel more confident to choose their position and support it with the evidence that was collected during research. Regardless of the study conducted, such essays must present a clear thesis and follow sound logic.How To Start An Argumentative Essay?You have be en given the assignment to hand in by a specific deadline. It is common to feel completely lost at this stage, especially if you haven’t been given enough guidelines by the instructor but don’t you worry, we’ve got you covered!How to choose good essay topics?Depending on your level, there can be hundreds of argumentative essay topics for college to choose from. However, choosing one is not too easy. You must keep in mind. However that argumentative essay format presupposes a debate – simply speaking, you need to have several options to choose from and go on to argue why one is better than the other. To make your job easier, we have handpicked top 50 argumentative topics  for you.Good ideas are the ones that would spark a light debate. Thus, they would be of interest to the reader. Bear in mind that the higher your educational level, the more complex the topic should be. So whilst picking between two sports can be suitable for a high school essay, while essay topics for college would require a more global issue to discuss relating to politics or economics, for instance.One piece of advice is that you have to be confident that you are aware of the pros and cons and you can describe and balance them effectively which would allow you to reach a reasoned conclusion. Check out this  page for more useful information.Do researchAfter you have carefully chosen your topic, it is time to start doing your research around the subject. Use reliable sources that cover both sides of the claim. Take extensive notes while reading. Thus you will have supporting evidence for your argument when you get writing. Communicate with your instructor. They will give you handy recommendations as to where to start your research because they will have more experience than you, plus they can point in the right direction to criteria they will use to evaluate your work. Use all tools available to you. This includes sticky notes and bookmarks to save time when yo u return to cite your sources. After you feel you have done enough research to construct your argument and back it up with some evidence, it is time to move to the subsequent stage.Create an outlineYou should by now have a clear idea what your essay will contain and refer to if that is the case, it is time to create an argumentative essay outline. This type of essay is usually written in five paragraphs consisting of an introduction, 2-3 body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each section will have a unique structure. Understanding it and creating a clear outline will save time and help you immensely.Advice On WritingIn general, writing an argumentative essay you need to ensure it flows and is consistent. Try to keep in your head that this is a friendly debate where each idea needs to be backed up. Argumentative essay structure ought to resemble the following:IntroductionIn your first paragraph, you need to set the context by introducing the topic to the reader. A good essay introducti on  captures their attention immediately: there are endless possibilities, but it is common to use a citation or ask a rhetorical question. This is often called a hook statement. After this, your task is to narrow the focus to your question transitioning smoothly to the thesis statement: be careful not to give away any of the arguments in the introduction! The final sentence of the introduction should present the central argument of the essay. Pick your words carefully to avoid any ambiguity and consequently dissonance in your reader: state your idea directly and indicate why you believe  in it. More useful tips can be found here.Main bodyFor each essay body paragraph, the rules are more or less the same. Use a new section to introduce a separate aspect of your argument and follow this structure:Topic sentence;Claim;Evidence;Concluding statement.A topic sentence is used to transition the focus from the previous paragraph and introduce a new aspect of the main argument. Claim lin ks that aspect to the thesis statement. It explains how it validates and enhances your main argument. Use factual support to back up your idea – you should be citing your external research here. This adds validity to your discussion because it shows you have objective reasons to make your claims. Concluding statement briefly summarizes the relevance and importance of your idea to the thesis you are justifying including that particular point. Why should it be in there?ConclusionArgumentative essay conclusion should be written using the following three steps:Restate the thesis;A summary of the central aspects of the claim;Concluding statement.Seems not too bad! While writing a conclusion for an essay, keep in mind that you should not be introducing any essential new concepts and keep it concise. The first sentence is merely a restatement of your thesis statement albeit using different wording. Be assertive and believe you have the authority to make claims: the more confident y ou sound, the chances are that your reader will get on your side. Next, it is time to remind the reader of what your crucial argument was break it down once again and mention why it holds. To seal the deal, present a concluding statement to remember. This sentence will normally reaffirm the significance of the topic and your view and leave the reader with a call to action encouraging them to investigate the issue in more detail.Final WordsThat’s all! Once broken down in such a way, it should no longer seem challenging to find how to approach an argumentative  essay. However, in case you feel you might require additional guidance, get in touch with a custom argumentative essay writing service, which would be delighted to help you out at any stage of your task.A few more tipsIt is essential to keep in mind that argumentative essays should be based on reason, not emotion, so try to be as impartial as possible. Use counter-arguments and expand on why they are weak. Ask your pe ers or relatives for opinions as well – they might show you a direction you wouldn’t have explored by yourself, which would also add value to your work.

A Study On Structural Formworks In High Rise Building Construction

ABSTRACTIn the most recent couple of years extensive requirement for tall structures has been building up. Specific accentuation has been given to decrease the time duration in finishing of these undertakings. Therefore, formworks have been acquainted in order to diminish time and also work cost of such industries.Structural Form works utilized as a part of the Construction has gigantic favorable circumstances due to the speed of finishing of the building. But as this Auto Climbing System is likewise utilized at great heights these variables could prompt significant dangers. These are for the most part utilized as a part of constructing main wall/ divider which fills in as the foundation of the whole structure of the building.Few of such hazards can consist of workers working on platforms posing a threat of tumbling from tallness, damage from equipment tumbling from stature to the individual working underneath the platform. More preference should be given amid the Jumping/Lifting of such platforms. At the point when the platforms are hoisted from a lower level to a larger , more amount of dangers are presented. The objective for this study is to understand different dangers and risks associated with the utilization of such basic form works in the construction business and give legitimate and suitable methods for control measures.INTRODUCTIONIndia is a fast growing country with its cities growing even faster and expanding to newer limits. Such exceptional growth stories have pulled in people from different parts of India to settle and work in its cities. This has led to growing demand of living space required for city families as well as office spaces for companies and other services .For such development plan, limited city area is one of the key reasons for concern. Specifically the expansion of city spaces through horizontal construction is possible only up to a certain extent and will further lead to shrinking of available area for other projects. Therefore high rise buildings in cities are the need of the hour and an efficient way of land management and utilization.In many developed cities around the world their skylines are as famous as the cities themselves. High rise buildings are not just architectural and infrastructural marvels but become a part of city identity and icon. Tall buildings are a marker of city life as well as a standard of better quality of life. Its main benefit is the ability to accommodate a large amount of people with each vertical ascent and thereby saving up a lot of land. Other benefits include lesser exposure to air and noise pollution but better access to natural light and ventilation while offering a high vantage point view of the city itself.Tall structures offer a refuge from floods but it needs design fortification to protect it from other natural calamities like high intensity wind force and lightning. Therefore safety rules and regulation need to be strictly laid out and followed during construction of high rise buildings. Structural stability and security are key aspects of such building safety as they have to be earthquake and fire resistant .In case of high rise buildings it is their height that determines whether safety compliance needs to be fulfilled or not and as such builders have to overlook and furnish fire and earthquake safety plans and exit routes, rescue spaces, electricity supply, service ducts, elevators among others.The construction of high rise buildings requires advanced technology and machinery to aid in the process. One of such new advancement is the Auto Climbing System which is a hydraulically operated self-climbing formwork system. It is useful because it significantly reduces the completion time of construction projects and safer compared to the traditional method of crane lifted formwork often referred to as jump forms.There is a need to evaluate the saf ety of the platforms installed for a secure working environment as there have been reports of industry accidents occuring when the platform is lifted from one level to another. This technique requires more crane time and is too sluggish, dangerous and inefficient for tall structures where the concrete walls dividers are consistently on the analytical way. Despite the fact that Auto or Self climbing framework is a tremendous advancement in diminishing the time required for completing the project, we cant disregard the small deficiency in these frameworks.The importance of this thesis is to give a secure workplace to the work persons and all the staff performing work on or underneath the platform. Huge importance should be given for the establishment of these platforms. It has been generally seen that ,while lifting or jumping of the platform has been carried out , very less investigation has been done as far as the well being of this specific action is concerned. However, a number of accidents have been accounted for while lifting the platform starting with one level then onto the next.. LITERATURE REVIEWAutomated Climbing System can be generally used for the outer part of the main concrete wall, because of the exterior look of building that is concrete or a tower that supports the cables. One of the main benefits of Automated Climbing system format includes the lack of over wall that acts like an obstruction which in return allows the steel to be put in a proper manner on the ground ; can be carried to places via mats. ACS arrangement is particularly used for the insides of the main wall as well as used for lifting both inside ; outside part of formwork for building.The first step starts with removing the casing, by using carriages, of the previous casting and then by screwing the climbing shoes to the anchor. These climbing shoes are bolted on every platform which is locked automatically. After that the mechanism is swapped which now climbs the unit than the rail, which is generally done at 50cm/min. when the unit reaches the climbing shoe, before disabling the hyd raulics, it is locked using bars and then with the help of carriage, rebar is fixed by positioning the framework which is ready to be finned with concrete, finally completing the construction cycle. While selecting a proper ACS format for a concerned project, factors that need to be decided are: building form, sequence in which construction will take place, the number and time of cycles need to me mentioned properly, work that needs to be reinforced, and specification needed during placement of boom while climbing. Formworks are divided into wide number of types based on different sizes, location where it will be used, equipments needed for construction, operation nature.Major hazards identified in structural formworks†¢ Extreme weather conditions like heavy rain and strong winds can cause problems in hanging type platform. So proper assessment of weather conditions is of utmost importance.†¢ Unauthorized and untrained personnel should not be allowed to operate the platform as improper handling can cause major hazards.†¢ Fall of material from the platform on the ground below can be hazardous to person standing down.†¢ Ladders and scaffolds erected on temporar y basis should be removed otherwise they can fall while lifting is performed. †¢ Strength of concrete should be high enough before fixing the platform.†¢ Length of cord must be long enough for performing lifting of platform otherwise they could get stretched and break causing spillage of hydraulic oil.†¢ Incompetent and untrained members could cause miscommunication while jumping on platform.†¢ Sufficient clearance must be provided between wall and platform so that it doesnt scrape against the wall causing uneven lift.†¢ If protectors are not provided on platform it could cause slipping of profiles and lead to falling of platform.†¢ Proper access of the platform must be maintained to protect worker from getting stuck.Safety norms and procedures to be followed during the operation of the climbing system. a) On site safety for personnelClimbing rescue walls at the edge of the slab and platform with protectors provide effective safety against falling and also provide protection against extreme weather conditions in case of work at height.b) Safety from extreme weather conditions like high wind loadClimbing operations are of two types crane-dependent climbing procedure and self-climbing procedure. 72km/h is the max wind speed for self climbing procedures. According to German standards such structures are designed to withstand high wind loads. For high wind speeds of over 200km/h statistical proof can be provided.c) Manufacturers service for providing safety to the personnelCompetent assembly personnel, engineers and supervisors should be available at all time for providing help beyond initial phase. Regular assembly and training must be conducted. d) Improvement in quality for safetyEN ISO 9001 Quality System is followed for conducting internal procedures of the company. It provides the basis for best quality of the PERI equipment as well as high quality of development standards. Official approval is provided to PERI climbing anchors and quality of its components is maintained.Control measures and recommendations:It is absolutely imperative that the person operating the lifting of the auto climbing Systems of all hazards and risks associated with the working and the functioning of the auto climbing system. Hence we make it mandatory that the person operating has beengivenproper training an all thesafety aspects have been properly explain to him. Only a certifiedoperator from the manufacture should operate the lifting or jumping of the Auto climbing System.Ensure that we observe all the weather conditions while lifting and operating the Auto climbing System. Extreme weather condition such as high wind speed and torrential rain, it is advisablew should not operate it in harsh climate conditions.The next major hazard to look at is if any looseitem is present on the platform being lifted. During lifting, the material could roll onto the ground which could cause serious injuries to the person below. So, all loose materials should be removed from the platform.CONCLUSIONOur main objective is to highlight the various circumstances ; constraints while managing the utilization of the formwork under various conventional conditions. As most of the major undertakings have to be completed under stipulated time period, so, there is no easy or effortless quick fix while using formwork for typical buildings.We should not avoid the hazards associated with the utilization of formwork at work site. In order to just increase the rate of work to decrease the completion period of construction, it will be wrong to simply not notice the safety in construction because it may endanger the lives of each and every people associated with the work.Therefore, it is very important to focus on the various safety features that have been highlighted in this study. The most important question that we all need to ask ourselves is that – should we follow all the safety rules to have a risk free work place in order to complete the project in right time or should we just try to complete the given work by hook or by crook neglecting the rules thereby endangering all our lives as well as others?

Does Class Really Matter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Does Class Really Matter - Essay Example Class and money are intertwined since money plays a major role in the identification of a class. This identification, however, is not accurate as the value of humans is equated with money. For instance, the public identifies members of a class by weighing their worth in terms of income and monetary possessions. As much as we would like to shun the class system, the fact remains that it exists and has continued to manifest its effects upon each American who holds the vision of living the American dream. There are various levels of stratification, with a general upper, middle and lower classes. Thus, individuals are limited to interaction within their classes meaning chances of cross-class associations are very thin. This same class segregation has been applied in housing and neighborhoods where each residential zone belongs are occupied by members of the same class. Such has led to a segregated society with less sense of community and togetherness as the classes do not help each other. This segregation as we have learned is called classism. According to Classism.org, classism is the assigning individuals characteristics systematically based on their ability and worth leading to social classes and differential treatments (Classism.org). Classism has a great effect on how individuals view themselves, for example, those of lower social class perceive themselves as less fortunate and without any worth to the society. Another aspect the affects people’s perception of themselves a nd others is the nature of the job. For instance, people with jobs of higher status not only earn respect from the society, but also gain self-respect and high self-esteem. Such jobs are also bound to make one happier because of better living standards. It is evident that we, Americans, have come a long way in capitalism. Our culture likes ranking persons in orders of ‘significance’, and our culture enables these classified ‘significant’ individuals flaunt about what

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing plan - Essay Example This is because Carl’s Jr. was selling the same type of hamburgers but at half the price. Others offer that the accompaniments that were served with the hamburger, mustard/mayo sauce on potato roll to be specific resulted to the failure. The mega campaign which failed was also partially blamed for the product failure as it targeted the adult population only. Still, some customers offer that the high calorie in the burger was the reason behind the product failure to capture the market. Background McDonalds is undoubtedly one of the fastest growing companies in the fast food industry, which is dominated by a host of players. Some of these players include Carl’s Jr, Burger King, KFC, and Pizza hut. These competitors pose a threat to McDonalds as they have conduced to the decrease in profits. This is because of the alternative products that these competitors continue to offer to the customers. McDonalds is a franchise of many companies with only 19% owed by the company. The company has over 33000 restaurants spread across the globe, serving close to 58 million customers. The company also has dozens of branches situated in 119 countries. McDonalds collected an average of $22,744,700 million in revenues from its global branches in 2009 with operating profits standing at $ 6,841000 million. Market Analysis Analysts predict that the fast food industry is growing at a first rate as customers’ demands for fresh quickly served meals surges. One of the dominant key players in this market is the McDonalds. The company is currently at its maturity level in the product life cycle. However, the fast food market faces constant decrement because of factors such as limited expansion sites, increasing operation costs, and market saturation. Vivid competition in the market has led to production promotion techniques such as price cuts, which have resulted to a diminution in profitability in the industry. Normal Forecast Most of the products that fail to capture the attention of customers in the market are not always inferior. In order for a company to succeed in launching a product, management has to undertake an in-depth research on the market. Through such an initiative, the organization can come up with creative ideas on the areas of packaging, market communication, and pricing. All these activities are facilitated through brainstorming with all the departments in the organization. Failure to consult will result to the release of uncompetitive products in terms of price, packaging, and market communication, into the market. The same applied to McDonald’s Arch Deluxe, which despite massive campaign, failed to sustain the market forces. As mentioned above, some of the reasons were high market price, mega campaign fail and poor market presentation. The other reason behind product failure is intensive competition. When many producers offer the same product to the market, the resultant effect will be edacious competition, where only t he superior products in price, packaging and advertising, end-up being selected by the customer. A good example is Carl’s Jr., which blocked the entry of McDonald’s Arch Deluxe. According to Brand marketing (2006, p. 3), Jack Greenberg McDonalds’ CEO, on an interview with the Financial Times consented that the company spent too much time deciding on when to launch the product. Most of the company’s marketing and branding decisions are made at the headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois. As such, the

Critically evaluate the concepts of the uncovered interest parity and Essay

Critically evaluate the concepts of the uncovered interest parity and covered interest parity conditions in explaining changes in exchanges rates. Discuss their - Essay Example The principal function of FEM is the transfer of funds or purchasing power from one country or currency to another. When we consider exchange rate determination, the factors that significantly concern time dependence, become extremely important. It is somewhat reflected in the interest rates which themselves are prices of present-future substitution (abstinence); this influences savings, consumption, demand for goods, and so, money (both domestic and foreign) and hence the related prices. Thus exchange rate being a price of foreign currency in terms of the domestic currency, becomes influenced by interest rate and inflation over time. The sections below are titled along sub-themes with a critical note at the concluding section. As stated above, the exchange rate is in turn governed by a currency's interest rate and hence the question of parity and differentials become extremely important. Interest rate parity is said to occur when deposits of all currencies offer the same expected return. Two types of such parity have been envisaged in the literature Covered and uncovered that we discuss below. In the floating exchange rates regime exchange rates are market determined. Since Early Mundell-Flemming days (i.e. early nineteen sixties), it has been established that the degree of capital mobility is crucial in determining the open economy macroeconomics of participating countries. In this context when perfect international capital mobility occurs, bonds that are free of default risk domestically become free of default risk internationally also. With capital mobility of this degree, domestic bonds become perfect substitutes of foreign bonds on which forward cover has been taken and arbitrage brings about equality between domestic interest rate i and foreign interest rate i* plus the forward premium on foreign exchange 'f '.This is covered interest rate parity (cip) given by : i = i* + f (1) 2.2 Uncovered Interest Parity A stronger definition of capital mobility incorporates additional criterion that attitude towards exchange risk be taken as risk neutrality because that is nearly common among investors and exchange risk is perfectly diversifiable. In that case speculation turns the forward premium into equality with the expected rate of appreciation of the foreign currency: f = [(Et+1 - Et) / Et]e (2) where E is the exchange rate that the price of the foreign currency in terms of domestic currency (superscript e refers to expected status of the associated variable).Then equation (1) changes into i = i* + [(Et+1 - Et) / Et]e (3) This is the condition known as uncovered interest parity (uip). 3. Relationship between Covered and Uncovered Interest Parity In the case of perfect foresight and perfect capital mobility the two conditions will be the same. The relationship between the two lies in the characteristic of future expectation orientation of the uip that one does not take care of in the perfect capital mobility, perfect information and perfectly rational expectations. Form empirical standpoint,

Evolution Lab Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evolution Lab - Assignment Example One particular animal, which gained Darwin’s attention, was the finches on the island. It was through studying these finches that Darwin came up with one of the most important terms in evolutionary biology which is one of the driving forces for evolution: natural selection. Natural selection plays into the role that nature selects organisms, which are best fit for the environment. Those that have the traits that give them the best advantage in environmental conditions will survive and proliferate while those who have the inferior traits will not thrive and die out (Darwin, 2010). In this particular simulation, we were looking at what the effects of precipitation on two separate islands and how it would affect the size of the beak on a species of finches. We are able to make this hypothesis due to the fact that we know that the amount of precipitation will influence the different types of flora and seeds, which will grow on the island. This can affect size, hardness, and shape of the seeds and this will have a direct effect upon the size of the beak of the finch that inhabits the island. Our hypothesis was that of non-directionality, meaning that we did not know how precipitation was going to affect beak size in any particular direction, but we knew that the precipitation was going to have an effect on how flora grew on the island, thus this would have an effect on beak size. Materials Since this was an interactive simulation, very few materials were needed in order to complete this lab. A computer with an active Internet connection was necessary in order to use the online simulation software in order to collect the data, due to the fact that this observational data would be impossible to be collected over the thousands of years. Methods The first step of being able to run the experiment was to log onto the site in order to carry out the experiment at http://www.biologylabsonline.com/axia/EvolutionLab/. Next, depending on the experiment, the experimenter has the option to set the variables that they are interested in looking at. For the case of our hypothesis, we are looking at beak size in relation to precipitation. The independent variable is the initial size of the beaks. The experiment calls for modifying the precipitation on the islands in order to see if this has an effect on beak size. On one island, move the precipitation to the extreme of there is no precipitation and then on the other island, move the precipitation to the maximum amount of precipitation the island can have. Set the amount of time to look at over the course of three hundred years and run the experiment. Then look at and analyze the data to see if the data matches the proposed hypothesis. Data Parameter DARWIN WALLACE ------------------------------------------- Initial Beak Size: 12.0 mm 12.0 mm Heritability: 0.7 0.7 Variance: 1.0 1.0 Clutch Size: 10.0 eggs 10.0 eggs Precipitation: 35.0 cm 20.0 cm Population: 200.0 birds 200.0 birds Island Size: 0.5 km 0.5 k m Darwin ------ Wallace ------- Discussion and Results As can be seen from the graph, we have an interaction effect at the start and then both populations diverge from each other as time progresses. On Darwin Island, where the precipitation was observed to be 100.0 cm, there was an increase in beak size as time increased. On Wallace Island, where the precipitation was observed to be 0.0 cm, there was a decrease in beak size as time increased. Based on this result, we can conclude that over the 300-year

Article analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Analysis - Article Example arding specific learning needs of students with LD in the classrooms and how they are able to adopt instructions for such particular students in the middle schools .The third question deals with perception teachers who teach mathematics in the middle schools on issues of resources and support for such inclusion by the teachers. The last question deals with perceptions of the mathematics teachers of middle school on issues of preparation received in programs of pre service in inclusion of students in classrooms. The literature background supports the need for the study. This is because there is need to reduce the generalization of teachers who use inclusive classrooms in needs for students with LD. The literature provides an academic analysis of previous research done on the topic on what teachers can do to improve the effectiveness of using the inclusive classrooms and programs for meeting the need of the students with LD. The variables under study were gender of the teachers, educational level, years of experience teaching, years of experience teaching in inclusion settings, number of math courses, number of inclusion- or LD-related workshops, level of support services, Level of administrative support .The variables used in the study were independent variables. They used descriptive statistical procedures to enable in describing the features of the data. It provided basic summaries on the sample used and the measures. This was used to be able to describe what the data was and what the data showed. Some respondents agreed that students with LD should be taught mathematics with general education students however other respondents stated that students with LD should be taught in inclusive classrooms .A percentage of twenty-one percent of teachers agreed that middle schools positively executed the inclusion practices where others were undecided. The responses were varied and indicated that many schools are doubtful the resource room effectively ensures learning of