Sarah Osorio 802 Essays - Demography, Geography Of The United States

Sarah Osorio 802 Immigration In the 1800's, there was a new wave of immigration that changed people's lives forever. Some for the better and some for the worst. They faced many difficulties on their journey to America. For example, if you weren't rich, you had to sit in the worst possible part of the ship in which you were coming, called steerage. Once here, you had to pass inspection to be let into America, and if you didn't pass you would be sent back to your country. Also, without family or a job, it would be difficult to live in the U.S., because you had no source of income or support. In the mid and late 1800's, there was a group of immigrants that we now know as "old immigrants". Most of them came from England, Germany, Ireland, and the countries in Scandinavia. The only Irish immigrants that chose to settle in rural areas, and become farmers or skilled workers instead, were the Roman Catholics. From about 1800-1860, immigrants from southern and eastern Europe came to America, and these were known as the "new immigrants". More than 5 million Czechs, Italians, Greeks, Hungarians, Poles, Russians, and Slovaks came to the U.S. for freedom and opportunity. Immigrants in the 1800's faced many hard times when coming to America, all so that they could have more freedom and better chances for them and their whole family. Most immigrants that traveled to America rode in the steerage of the ship. Which is the lowest point in the boat in which you could ride. Tickets to ride in the steerage were the least expensive, but since the immigrants were mostly poor, they were still pricey to them. The average steerage ticket costed about $30, depending on where you were coming from. The steerage of the ship was very uncomfortable, they were also hot and crowded since as many as 2,000 people could fit in there (http://www.ohranger.com/ellis-island/immigration-journey). They often slept in bunks that were stacked on top of each other, and the waves and crashing made some people on the boat seasick. Whatever symptoms they suffered from were dealt with in the area in which they were sleeping. Whether it was nausea or an upset stomach, everyone in the steerage section had to witness what the other passengers were suffering. Some passengers even died from illnesses they caught on the boat, it was common that the y died from diseases like typhus and yellow fever. The next part of their journey was getting through inspection at the immigration center depending on their race and financial status. Part of their inspection was questions about their name, their past health, and whether they had relatives in the United States already. Immigrants needed about $25.00 to enter the United States. This was difficult because if they had a disease that was incurable then, they would either be sent to the hospital, back to their country, or kept quarantined for lesser illness . Ellis Island was the busiest immigration center in the east coast. Less than 2% of people that came to Ellis Island weren't allowed into America. Immigrants that were coming to America from Asia entered through Angel Island. Immigrants were expected by American society to learn a new language, and find a new home and job if they wanted to survive and fit in, in America. It helped them if they already had family in the US because they would have someone to help them with all the responsibilities that came with living here, such as finding a job and home. When an immigrant came to America, they usually moved into neighborhoods with people from the same country as them. These were called immigrant neighborhoods. This allowed them to speak the same language and follow the same customs as they did in their own country, so it felt a little more like home, and not so much like it was a whole new beginning. A lot of these immigrants would become criminals because of the ease of making money through crime. It seemed that every nationality would organize a group that would control the crime in their particular neighborhoods. However, there were just as many immigrants that would create

There must be reform essays

There must be reform essays There must be reform! At the rate the United States of America is evolving at, it wouldnt be a surprise if it is on its way to becoming an oligarchy. This country is governed by the dollar, not by the president or even the people. The campaign for the presidency is becoming like a campaign for president of the student council-it is a popularity contest. The president is no longer elected due to his credentials and beliefs; his is elected by how much in can get into the publics face and make them smile. Presidential candidates say whatever will please the public and win them some votes, this is no surprise and this isnt really the bad part. The bad part is money controls the means for a candidate to even gain enough recognition and notability to arouse the publics interests. This stands true for not only presidential elections but also Senate and House campaigns. Being the year 2001 candidates now have more options available to them to make themselves known. The only problem is, all these new methods (television, radio, the Internet) cost money to use. This immediately brings up two problems. The first being that the candidate with the most funds has a great advantage to winning just based on their ability to gain exposure. The second is that campaigns (presidential or otherwise) turn into a race for money and valor rather than for the benefit for the country and the people residing within. The lack of money can make a good candidate fail miserably if they do not have the funds to support themselves and on the opposite end of the spectrum, it can make a horrible candidate the victor due to an unequal advantage. The object of democratic elections is to allow the people of the United States vote for whom they feel would be best to run their country, not to coerce them to vote for the guy that had the most media appeal (for example, Pre sident Reagan). The road to reform is the road to recovery for ...

Being a Health Professional for Global Environment

The modern professional world has changed the recent years forcing many professions to embrace the notion of a global environment. The International Council of Nurses exists to ensure global uniformity in standards applied by all nurses. Nurses can find themselves working in any environment. Such changes in the system call for embracing global issues in nursing through preparing nurses who can work in a global context. This essay discusses the health professional in a global environment and literacies that inform working in such an environment. Working in a global environment calls for global nurses who are culturally sensitive, collaborative and understand the conditions that affect patients around the globe. (Thomas & Galla, 2012, p. 5). Nurses understand that the global health environment is diverse and presents different opportunities and challenges that they have to deal with. These practitioners work in different settings like government agencies, hospitals, educational and research institutions or even non-profit organizations. Mary is a 78-year-old widow indigenous Australian from Old Town Road 8035, she is a retired school support officer who is respected in her munity as a leading elder (City of Horizon 2018, p.4). Having worked in a school she, speaks good English, which makes it easy to municate with her. Before admission she had lately been experiencing health problems over recent months like increased lethargy, dizziness, and increased headache. She has a history of chronic otitis media, tonsillectomy, and measles in childhood (City of Horizon 2018, p.5). She also suffers from a poorly managed osteoporosis, hypercoletroemia and cardiovascular disease. She has been admitted in the hospital and diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2, she is also suffering from ischemic stroke and penicillin allergy. Due to her condition, Mary has been admitted for therapeutic care until her condition stabilizes. The role of healthcare practitioners is to develop care strategies that will assist the patient condition t o improve. This means that developing a therapeutic relationship with the patient is important in healing process. Further, good munication skills are relevant in ensuring the success of all therapeutic processes that are put in place for healing.   Kornhaber, Walsh & Duff (2016) suggest that therapeutic relationships are defined from the perspective of the patient whee the patients see them as e passing caring and supportive behaviours that create a safe environment for the practitioner and the patient to engage in the healing process. Global health practitioners work with a range of patients who require different relationships to cement the healing process. For example, demographic factors like locality, age, race and social factors like gender shape the strategies that the practitioner applies. The quality of therapeutic care is measure Through the relationship that the practitioner developes with the patient. This forms the alpha and the omega of any form of therapy (Watson 2005, p. 11). This relationship is based on both emotional and informational ponents; since nurses are not trained as counsellors, they have basic counselling skills that can be applied to establish proactive relationships with the patient. Therapeutic relationships are termed as a working alliance between the patient and the practitioner. in the relationship nurse acts as the facilitator for change and the patient acts as the material for change.   Through forming such alliances, the nurse can understand the inner anxieties and disturbances that patients face which may hinder the overall healing process of the patient.   According to Jung, the therapist needs to see the client as an equal, thus there is need to abandon the preconceived opinions that exist in healthcare setting and approach each situation independently (Wilde McCormick & Wellings, 2000, p. 16). The relationship allows the nurse to creates a fortable and non-judgemental environment Through demonstrated congruence and unconditional positive regard towards patients thus improving the healing process. In this scenario patients like Mary will feel that the nurse is on their side Through showing respect for her inner and outer life. Further, Through proper munication skills the nurse can develop trust and build rapport with the patient which allows them to open up on issues affecting them. In the therapeutic process, the nurse and the patient municate where the patient is supposed to report progress and any changes in the body system or new symptoms that are felt. Once the nurse has established such relationships, it b es easy for the patient to open up making it easy for the practitioner to track the changes in medication of the patient (Kilduff, 2010, p. 241). This process therefore, decreases anxiety and enhance patient pliance with the therapeutic process which in turn leads to improved healthcare ou es. The nurse can easily achieve clinical goals like awareness of the problem since the patient easily opens up allowing the practitioner to identify most concerns needed by the patient. Since background history is an important element in the clinical process, some patients can exhibit barriers if they are not f ortable with the practitioner around them (Castledine, 2013, p. 15). Through munication, the nurse creates an environment that allows the patient to open up and allow collection of relevant information that guides the progress of therapeutic processes. Lastly, therapeutic relationships are not only designed for increased patient ou e but for rather professional satisfaction that results from satisfied patients. Every professional seeks for success in their field by ensuring that they have greater scores of satisfaction (Kelley, et al. 2014, p. 23). Such relationships can assist in appraisal of the nurse since they increase patient satisfaction and reduce plaints. There have been situations where patients have strongly bonded with some nurses to the extend that they asked to be served by a specific individual since they believe such an individual understands and meets their needs more. Patient backgrounds vary and some e from the introvert background   where information is disclosed to select people only (Kleinman 2013, p. 137). Therefore, the relationship boosts the professional profile of the nurse by creating personal career satisfaction. Good interpersonal and munication skills are critical in the survival of a global health practitioner. munication is an important element of healthcare that connects practitioners with their clients. It serves many purposes within the organization like assisting patients to make choices that affect the ou e of their health. Global practitioners have to municate professionally to connect with their fellow practitioners and people who need assistance (Sugg, 2016, p. 4).   The profession calls for specific behaviour expectations that increase the expected ou e from the patient. Lee & Doran (2017, p. 77) suggests that medical errors can be reduced to increase health ou es if practitioners can establish good interpersonal and munications skills. Since human factors play a role in satisfaction levels of patients, then professionals have to perfect in this area to boost their petencies. Bingham, et al. (2011, p. 251) add that good interpersonal skills assist in elimination of social and c ultural barriers that inhibit access to health. Such skills can assist the practitioner to integrate with these munities and establish rapport to be used in improving healthcare ou es. Further, the skills can assist in ensuring that people open up as they engage with the practitioner. In therapeutic care, munication is done between the nurse and the patient in away that creates a conducive atmosphere for dialogue, openness, curiosity and sharing. One strategy that will be applied to the case of Mary is the use of reflection   Through repeating her verbal and non-verbal messages to show her that you understand her feelings. Being old and from a hard disadvantaged background, Mary requires content validation from the nurse to show that her message has been heard.   This process creates a cognitive focus between the patient and the practitioner and works well in the process of beginning to know each other(Kim & Kate 2008, P. 221). This may work better in the initial information gathering process. The role of reflection in munication is to create feelings of empathy, interest and respect for patients. On the other hand, patients reciprocated Through inmproved munication and increased level of trust that is seen in high level of involvement in the therapeutic proce ss. Exploring munication strategy can also be applied in the therapeutic process when gathering personal information. Since information is the basis of clinical decision making, the nurse has to ensure that Mary opens up as much as possible. Diedrick, et al. (2011, p. 461) suggests that this technique encourages the patient to provide more information since they feel that the professional is following what they are saying. For example, the nurse will use phrases like â€Å"tell me more about what happened before†. This strategy can be helpful in tracing personal life issues that contribute to the health challenges that Mary is undergoing. The practitioner needs to place events in time or sequence to gather the right information. From the background of the patient, the sequence of events is important in tracing the health challenges Mary is facing (Kourkouta & Papathanasiou 2014, p. 65). She has had a   background and has been diagnosed with diabetes which requires her conditioned to be traced back using time sequence of events. This process will inform, decisions on the allergies that she faces during therapy. Clarifying can also be used in munication with Mary Through attempting to understand the basic nature of the statements said by the patient. When Mary responds to certain questions the practitioner is supposed to seek clarification rather than conclude their clinical experience (Kourkouta & Papathanasiou 2014, p. 66). Being an indigenous patient, she presents unique situations that require   analysis and clarification of every statement she makes. Clarification can be done Through paraphrasing where the nurse rephrases Mary’s ment or answer in a manner that is similar to what they understood. This process allows the client to confirm if indeed the statement is true. Further, providing leads to the patient can be used to encourage further discussion of the the feelings of the patient.   It also works well in the process of beginning a new discussion since it opens up   the discussion allowing the patient to talk more (Laskowski-Jones 2014, p. 5). Leading allows Mary to follow the discussion and play along as the discussion b es personal. This method works well when the practitioner wants to move from a genearl to a personal level. As the patient follows the discussion, she gets engaged and eventually opens up without leads. Once the nurse has established trust with Mary, the confronting skill can be applied to get information that has been   to get Through other munication strategies (Boykins 2014, p. 47).   Since the therapeutic process has not began, Mary can present challenges like arguing and challenging assumption drawn by the nurse based on the fact that she has an attitude for nurses. In such case, the nurse will be forced to confront her to get relevant information for the therapeutic process. Lastly offering hope and humour is one of the strategies that the nurse must use (Kourkouta & Papathanasiou 2014, p. 65). From the background of Mary, she seems to easily give medical attention because of her childhood history. The practitioner has to give hope and encourager her to persevere Through the current situation   and lighten her mood with humour that can enable establishing of rapport. Global health professionals operate in an ever-changing environment that requires the ability of the practitioner to work in a context characterized with different settings. Such situations require adequate skills and petencies that the practitioner needs to have to understand the environment that they are working in. The skills are useful in enabling the individual to operate better and survives the tides a panied with the job. Global health is a new storm that is taking the healthcare sector by storm where most institutions are revising their training programs to a modate these changes. Therefore, practitioners need to be prepared with the relevant skills that enable them to work in the environment. Bingham, A. et al., 2011. The Role of Interpersonal munication in Preventing Unsafe Abortion in munities: The Dialogues for Life Project in Nepal. Journal of Health munication, 16(3), pp. 245-263. Boykins, A., 2014. Core munication petencies in patient- centered care.. ABNF Journal, 25(2), pp. 40-45. Castledine, G., 2013. The importance of the nurse-patient relationship. British Journal of Nursing, 13(4), pp. 11-25. City of Horizon 2018. City of Horizon 2018 ver.1.1, puter Program, city of Horizon, Novus Res, Adelaide.. [Online]. Diedrick, L., Schaffer, M. & Sandau, K., 2011. A practical munication strategy to improve implementation of evidence-based practice.. Journal of Nursing Administration, 41(11), pp. 459-465. Kelley, J. M. et al., 2014. The Influence of the Patient-Clinician Relationship on Healthcare Ou es: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS One, 9(4). Kilduff M, T. W., 2010. Social Networks and Organizations. Sage ed. s.l.: Thousand Oaks,. Kim, B. & Kate, W., 2008. How can health professionals enhance interpersonal munication with adolescents and young adults to improve health care ou es?: systematic literature review. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 4(3), pp. 211-231. Kleinman, A., 2013. From illness as culture to caregiving as moral experience. New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 368, p. 1376–1377. Kornhaber, R., Walsh, K., Duff, J. & Walker, K., 2016. Enhancing adult therapeutic interpersonal relationships in the acute health care setting: an integrative review. Journal of Multidisciplinary Health, 9(4), pp. 537-546. Kourkouta, L. & Papathanasiou, I. V., 2014. munication in Nursing Practice. Journal of The Academy of Medical Science of Bosnia and Herzegovinia, 26(1), pp. 65-67. Laskowski-Jones, L., 2014. munication: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Nursing, 44(6), pp. 1-10. Lee, C. T.-S. & Doran, D. M., 2017. The Role of Interpersonal Relations in Healthcare Team munication and Patient Safety; A Proposed Model of Interpersonal Process in Teamwork. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 49(2), pp. 75-93. .Sugg, C., 2016. ing of age: munication’s role in powering global health. BBC Media action, Issue 18. Thomas, L. & Galla, C., 2012. Building a culture of safety through team training and engagement. BioMedical Journal of Quality Safety, 5(1), pp. 1-15. Watson, J., 2005. Caring Science as Sacred Science. Philadelphia,: FA Davis pany. Wilde McCormick, E. & Wellings, N., 2000. Transpersonal Psychotherapy – Theory and Practice. New York: Continuum.

Epidemiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Epidemiology - Essay Example It is possible to have increased labour force participation by older workers. A slow growth in the labour force shall see health administration retain older workers by offering higher wages; flexible working schedules, increased training toward the older workers. This transition shall increase the dependence of technology in the health care field. Health administration shall invest heavily in research to come up with ways to deal with the economic implication presented by the post-industrial transition. Gaziano observes that the United States shall experience a new epidemiological transition. This new phase is because of a decline in physical activity among the population whereas their total caloric intake increases (Gaziano, 2008). The result is an epidemic of obesity that is already affecting the United States. This stage explains the expected rise in cases of type 2 diabetes, lipid abnormalities, and hypertension associated with obesity. The health administration faces this new challenge when their efforts are focused in reducing cases of degenerative and man-made diseases affecting the present society. Health administration shall invest in programs aimed at raising awareness on the importance of maintain healthy diet and being physically active. Health administration shall rely on school programs to ensure children understand the importance of physical activities. The federal government presently supports the health administration field by ensuring that the school diet promotes healthy living

Stem Cell Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Stem Cell Research - Essay Example It is nobody's case that stem cell research is a bad thing. Each one of us hopes for a day when no disease will be categorized as incurable', and the potential in this line of work to realize that dream is plain for all to see. The controversy that stem cell research has provoked - sharply dividing public opinion and placing the government and President Bush in a quandary -- has to do with an ethical concern over the use of embryos. Why must embryos be utilized Why not depend on adult stem cells instead and get on with the research without causing any harm to the subject Scientists have good reason for this. Stem cell research has at its core a kind of cell called pluripotent' -- essentially an innocent' cell which has not begun to develop into any specific tissue - such as blood or brain or heart cells. But this state of innocence lasts only three to five days, and if scientists can seize on this small window of opportunity, they can isolate and coax it to develop into any of the 220 types of human cell lines. Which in turn can be used to repair or replace specific tissue and treat any disease that involves tissue degeneration - such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, afflictions in the central nervous system, Type 1 diabetes, liver malfunctions etc. Adult stem cells do have some relevance in this research, but they are not so pliant and therefore they cannot be programmed to differentiate into more than a few of the necessary 220 cell lines. Scientifically, an airtight argument in support of the use of embryos - which, alas, does nothing to address the moral and ethical concerns. What right do we have to play God, snuff out a life and willfully deny it of its potential to grow into a healthy human being Life, according to Christian belief, begins at conception, and no matter whether that life is sparked off in a womb or in a Petri dish, its destruction amounts to murder. So, are we willing to commit murder in the name of science And if we are, then where does it end By pushing the limits of morality, we are only helping to create a society where life is so cheap that one person can use another without compunction or accountability. As the late Pope John Paul II pointed out to President Bush (2001), "In defending the right to life . America can show the world the path to a truly humane future in which man remains the master, not the product, of his technology." Scientists counter this charge by pulling cold facts out of the trash can. Stem cells, they reiterate, can be extracted from the surplus frozen embryos left over at fertility clinics. Typically, these embryos - numbering in hundreds of thousands -- are discarded as medical waste after an infertile couple's desire for a child has been fulfilled. So where's the sense in arguing on behalf of an embryo which is destined to perish anyway It must come as a relief to stem cell researchers that more and more people are shaking off their knee-jerk response to the emotionally-loaded issue and finally buying into this view: the results of a Harris Poll (2004) showed that 73 per cent of the people interviewed approved of the research, compared to 61 per cent in 2001. Celebrities too - a major voice in these media-driven times - have mostly come out in support of stem cell research, and the involvement of actors such as the late Christopher Reeve, Michael J. Fox,

The bounce of a Squash Ball Essay Example for Free

The bounce of a Squash Ball Essay However, some energy is lost as due to friction between the molecules in the air, and the surface of the ball. 3 This is during the time where the ball is in contact with the floor. There are really three stages here, I will show them below: i) ii) iii) In i, the ball has hit the ground, and because of inertia, the ball tries to keep moving and cant because the ground beneath it is solid. This causes the ball to change to a sort of oval shape, this change of shape causes some energy to be lost as heat and the kinetic energy to become Elastic Energy. Also, the ball hitting the ground will cause some energy to go on as sound and some will be sent through the surface as a wave. In ii, the ball is still, and has no energy other than Elastic Energy; it is exactly between i and iii. In iii, The Elastic Energy is being converted to Kinetic Energy, and causes the ball to go from the oval shape, back to its original shape, and bounces off of the ground. The Elastic Energy in the ball is now becoming Kinetic Energy again and the reshaping of the ball causes some more energy to be lost as heat. 4 Here the ball is going back up after bouncing off of the ground. The ball has Kinetic Energy, and again some energy is lost as heat due to friction between the air and the ball. 5 At this stage, the ball is stationary in the air because gravity has prevented it from rising any further. However, the ball is not as high as it was when it was dropped; this is because some energy was lost as heat. This stage links back to stage two repeatedly, until all of the energy from the ball has been lost, at which point it will become stationary on the ground. Prediction With this in mind, I am predicting that the higher the ball is dropped from, the higher it will bounce (due to increased energy). However, I predict that the ball will never reach the height it fell from because of energy which is lost as heat from friction and sound when it hits the ground. Calculating Epg The formula mgh (or Mass   Gravity   Height) will show the amount of Gravitational Potential Energy (Epg) the ball has at this stage. The mass of our ball was 0. 024 kg, which is constant (it doesnt change). The gravity here on Earth is 10N per kg of mass, for our ball this would mean 0. 24N, another constant. The height from which we drop the ball is a variable. Therefore to work out the Epg of the ball at any given height we would use the formula Height. We can shorten this to 0. 006 because mass and gravity are constant. For example, if we wanted to know how much Epg the ball had when held at 1. 00 m, we would do 0. 006 1. 00, which is 0. 006. The reason for calculating Epg is so that later on the kinetic energy (Ek) of the ball can be calculating, in turn allowing the velocity of the ball upon impact to be calculated. Method First of all, two metre sticks were placed vertically against a wall, one above the other, creating a makeshift double-metre stick, this was held against the wall. Next, the ball was held so that the bottom of it was aligned with the height (e. g. 1. 00 m). Meanwhile, another member of the team laid on the floor, facing the metre stick. The ball was then released when the member on the floor was ready. When the ball bounced up the member on the floor noted it down. This was repeated five times for each drop height (0. 8m, 1. 0m, 1. 2m, etc up to 2. 0m). After each drop height was done five times, the ball was heated to 40 degrees Celsius in a water bath. Our variable was the drop height of the ball. We chose the range 0. 6m 2. 0m because it achieves a good set of results, while not taking too much time after dropping from each height five times. We dropped the ball five times from each height and then obtained an average to try and get a good range of results, and also to eliminate anomalous results from our graphs. Results Table Drop Height (m) Gravitational Potential Energy (J) Bounce Height (m) Speed on Impact (m/sec) ms Analysis. The results in this table show that the Epg increases when the ball is held higher up. It also shows that the ball bounces higher when the drop height is higher, and that the ball will never bounce to the same height it was dropped from. One other thing my table shows is that the higher the drop height, the higher the speed of the ball on impact with the ground. This proves everything I predicted to be correct, and also correlates with my energy transfer diagram, which is what I based my prediction on. Ball Speed Epg = Ek on impact. To work out the velocity (speed) of the ball on impact we would use the formula v=VEk. First we need to know the value of Ek which is dependant on Evaluation There are just two anomalies, they are at 1. 4m and 1. 6m, they is quite far from the line of best fit. I believe the cause was human error perhaps in the inaccuracy of trying to see how high the ball was in a fraction of a second. If I had the chance to repeat this investigation, I would improve the procedure by improving the measuring system, perhaps by using a digital video camera to record how high the ball bounced and then playing it back frame by frame on a computer because it is very hard to see where the ball is in a fraction of a second with human eyesight. I would increase the range of results to be from 0. 2m maybe 5. 0m, because it would give a much larger range, in which perhaps the rule of the ball bouncing higher when dropped from higher would be incorrect.

Leonardo da Vinci :: Essays Papers

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo was born on April 15, 1452, near the town of Vinci. His artistic talent revealed itself early, for he was apprenticed in 1469 to a leading Renaissance master. In the Florence workshop, where he remained until 1476, Leonardo acquired a variety of skills. He entered the painters guild in 1472, and his earliest works date from this time. Works such as the Madonna with the carnation which although are traditional, include detail such as curling hair which only Leonardo could have done. In 1478 he was asked to paint an altar piece for the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence. Three years later he painted the Adoration of the Magi for the monastery of San Donato a Scopeto. It is the most important of all his early paintings. In it, Leonardo shows for the first time his method of organizing figures into a pyramid shape, so that interest is focused on the principal subject. This project was interrupted when Leonardo left Florence for Milan about 1482. Leonardo worked for Duke Lodovico Sforza in Milan for nearly 18 years. Although he was still an artist, painting portraits, he began to become interested in the mechanic and scientific field. But these interests did not stop him from completing his most famous work, The last supper. In 1499 Leonardo left Milan to find another job. For about four years, he switched from job to job. He returned to Florence in 1503, and attempted several significant artistic projects, including the Battle of Anghiari mural for the council chamber of the Town Hall, the portrait of Mona Lisa, and the lost Leda and the Swan. Around this time he began to become more involved in anatomy and performed some dissections. Leonardo returned to Milan in June 1506. He was called to work for the new French government. He remained in Milan for 7 years. The artistic project on which he focused at this time was the equestrian monument to Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, which was also never completed. Around this time he became so involved in science that his art became a reflection of it. Leonardo da Vinci :: Essays Papers Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo was born on April 15, 1452, near the town of Vinci. His artistic talent revealed itself early, for he was apprenticed in 1469 to a leading Renaissance master. In the Florence workshop, where he remained until 1476, Leonardo acquired a variety of skills. He entered the painters guild in 1472, and his earliest works date from this time. Works such as the Madonna with the carnation which although are traditional, include detail such as curling hair which only Leonardo could have done. In 1478 he was asked to paint an altar piece for the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence. Three years later he painted the Adoration of the Magi for the monastery of San Donato a Scopeto. It is the most important of all his early paintings. In it, Leonardo shows for the first time his method of organizing figures into a pyramid shape, so that interest is focused on the principal subject. This project was interrupted when Leonardo left Florence for Milan about 1482. Leonardo worked for Duke Lodovico Sforza in Milan for nearly 18 years. Although he was still an artist, painting portraits, he began to become interested in the mechanic and scientific field. But these interests did not stop him from completing his most famous work, The last supper. In 1499 Leonardo left Milan to find another job. For about four years, he switched from job to job. He returned to Florence in 1503, and attempted several significant artistic projects, including the Battle of Anghiari mural for the council chamber of the Town Hall, the portrait of Mona Lisa, and the lost Leda and the Swan. Around this time he began to become more involved in anatomy and performed some dissections. Leonardo returned to Milan in June 1506. He was called to work for the new French government. He remained in Milan for 7 years. The artistic project on which he focused at this time was the equestrian monument to Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, which was also never completed. Around this time he became so involved in science that his art became a reflection of it.

The Negatives of Technology in the Classroom

Why Technology in the Classroom Is a Negative For schools and universities, both have experienced many changes with the technology that is available. Instead of students having to go to the library to complete their work, most can now just walk into their classroom filled with new desktops and laptops. With the increase of technology in most schools, it is almost becoming a necessity for classrooms to have up to date technology for students. Students that have been able to work with laptops ever since elementary school get so used to the technology available that most find it just standard in classrooms today.In the classroom it does not stop with the computers, now teachers are having smart boards made and put into classrooms. But do these smart boards really help the students learn better? I highly doubt that a smart board in the classroom is going to help a student want to pay attention to another boring lecture of some moment of time in our history. Frankly, that smart board is a ll but making the teacher’s job easier. Or is it? What if that teacher or professor is a little older than some of us?Someone who is not used to having the high amounts of technology in today’s classrooms may not know how to work that smart board. All that does is waste time. The same can go for students who grew up in low income areas who are not used to working with computers. While others in the classroom are busy typing a paper, this student is probably sitting in the back wondering how to change his font. The fact is too much technology in the classroom can cause negatives for both the student and teacher in many ways. Imagine an English class walking in to their room filled with new laptops.Everyone sits down and waits for the teacher. The teacher comes in and tells them to continue working on their paper. Unfortunately one student in there is using this word program for the first time. While his peers are busy writing their papers, he is still trying to figure o ut how to save his document. My first issue with technology in the classroom is that it takes away from valuable learning time. While this student could be starting his paper, he must be aided by his teacher multiple times during class for his technical issues.Not everyone in a classroom may have had the opportunity that most students have had of growing up with computers in the classroom. Everyone comes in at a different skill level which makes it hard for students to actually learn something on a lesson based on using the computer. The same can be for the teacher. Not all teachers are used to the new technology in classrooms today. When it comes time for a lesson to be taught through using a computer and the teacher doesn’t even know how to load the document needed, it just becomes wasted time for the students.A teacher who posted his experience about new technology on A Novel Idea writes â€Å"I looked down at my iPad and it had gone dark. So I slid my finger across the f ace of the tablet to wake up the screen, then punched in my password, then flipped through the electronic pages until I found the place where I left off. This was not only distracting to the kids, but it also added frustration to the problem, making me anxious in front of a crowd† (A Novel Idea). This teacher shared his experience of new technology being brought into the class and how it took away from the valuable learning time that was available.Instead of technology being a part of the curriculum in schools, it is now becoming the center of attention. My second reason for the negatives of technology in the classroom is the overuse of it. Many students learn best by physically and mentally interacting with what they are studying. If most teaching is done using a computer, these students’ needs are not being met. For example, a class could be playing a review game for math using PowerPoint. The teacher would have the problems on the board while the students race to ans wer it.But what about some of the students who have really struggled this year in math, this review is pointless for them because they cannot even figure out how to solve the problem. Also, while the teacher is busy changing the problems it is hard for the student who is struggling to ask for help because that takes away from the lesson plan for that class. The issue with overuse is that overtime it will just become boring for students who are excelling in that particular class, and seem like a pointless strategy for students who are struggling.Charlene Kamper states in her article of the overuse of technology that â€Å"With information and answers just a click away, today’s teens are falling short when it comes to deductive reasoning and problem-solving on their own† (Kamper). The availability of technology causes students to not be able to learn information on their own but be able to type something into Google and find the answer. In a class where the lesson for to day is researching topics for the next research paper, some students will take advantage of that time in class.However, some students will use this time to get and twitter and tweet about how English class is lame (in 160 characters or less of course). Distraction in a technology filled classroom is a huge issue. In some classes where the teacher gives the students the freedom to get on the computers and research, some will misuse it and just go web surfing. This issue does not just apply to the middle and high school levels, even in elementary. In Matt Richtel’s article about technology in the class room, he writes about a young student playing a math game.He writes â€Å"Xavier Diaz, 6, sits quietly, chair pulled close to his dell laptop playing Alien Addition†¦Xavier’s goal is to shoot only the spaceship with the correct answer but he is just shooting every target in sight† (Richtel). While this math game is supposed to be helping Xavier improve his math skills, he just sees it as another video game he would play at home. It’s hard to stop the distractions with technology available in most classes. Imagine walking into history class. It’s just another average day. You sit down, say hey to some of your friends and possibly send out a tweet.Then your teacher pulls up a PowerPoint. You automatically know that your teacher is going to be reading off the PowerPoint for the whole class and it’s just going to be another period of taking long notes. My final issue with technology in the class room is the misuse of it. â€Å"PowerPoint works best for things that are presented visually, not verbally. It helps when you need to draw a picture† (Kaminski). Too many teachers today use PowerPoint as a verbal aid for lectures. The use of PowerPoint is best used as a visual aid in the classroom setting.For years students have had to deal with the long PowerPoints with the endless notes. How do these long PowerPoints help students? The only thing that it does is that it will help cause arthritis in your wrist before age fifty. Also, these long PowerPoint’s just make students not wanting to pay attention. These students are unable to play an active role in their education. Then when a teacher complains and how the students are unresponsive and unwilling to participate, that teacher needs to look in the mirror along with their teaching strategies.Jeffrey Young states in his article When Good Technology Means Bad Teaching â€Å"Colleges have spent millions on â€Å"smart classrooms† packed with the latest gadgets to assist teaching†¦But colleges have spent far less time and money giving professors the skills to use even the simplest technology effectively† (Young). Colleges and schools can spend as much money as they want for state of the art classes, but if you don’t have an instructor that knows how to use that technology available it just becomes a waste of money. Al so, it becomes the students that suffer the most. In today’s world, technology is going to be improving all the time.No matter what schools are going to be updating the technology available for students. Now, it is important for the libraries to be up to date with the computers available because that is a useful are for students to help complete work when they want too. But at some point, we must put up the stop sign with how much technology is integrated in the classroom. Sixty minutes without a computer screen in front of you is not going to kill us. But instead could help us. While we do need technology in our everyday lives, we do not need excessive amounts in our classrooms.

A Nurse is a Nurse

The public and professional images of nursing and the portrayal of nurses in the media have a great impact on several work-related issues – how health care as a collaborative enterprise is provided to patients, the extent that nurses’ work is valued, the participation of the nurse in healthcare team decision-making, the visibility of nurses in shaping national health care and the effect of these images on nurses’ job performance (Fletcher, 2007.Most researchers agree that although there have been improvements in the image of nursing, the portrayal today is still largely negative – an issue that has been raised by nurses for the past century. Gender issues seem to be at the core of this situation.Other disciplines, specifically the medical profession, view nurses based on certain qualities. In a study by Weinberg, Miner and Rivlin (2009) on the perspectives of medical residents on working with nurses, nurses were trusted and regarded as colleagues depending on how competent, congenial and hardworking the residents perceived them to be (p.37).This implies that the collaborative approach does not always permeate the nurse-medical resident relationship despite nursing practice being elevated into a profession that is equal to other health disciplines. To be respected as a colleague requires a condition – nurses must first have to prove that they possess the qualities expected of them.Meanwhile, the media reinforces the image of nurses as a health worker that is lower in status than physicians or as other concepts other than being a professional. In a literature review conducted by Fletcher (2007) concerning the media portrayal of nurses, the author found that television shows, novels, films and advertisements then and now mainly portray nurses in four categories, namely â€Å"as ministering angel, battleaxe, physician handmaiden and naughty nurse† – negative images because these do not capture the reality of nursing (p.208).As an acute nursing shortage looms ahead, the campaign to improve the image of nursing, in order to attract more students into the profession, yielded a positive outcome. A recent Gallup survey on professional ethics and honesty found that 84% of Americans agreed that nurses are the most trusted professionals (Singleton, 2009). The Gallup survey image of nurses represents a positive development because nurses were viewed as professionals who are bound by a code of ethics and who adhered to such a code.Both the positive and negative images of nursing seem to reflect the unequal power relationship between men and women in society where women are viewed as either sex objects or as domestic partners. The end product is a stereotypical view of women’s roles as subservient to men.Along with this role are the associated feminine traits ranging from obedience, hard work, compassion and congeniality to promiscuity. The physician-nurse relationship reflects these stereotypes as physicians are disproportionately male and while nurses are disproportionately female. As a male-dominated profession, the physician’s work is highly recognized and valued while the nurse’s work is undervalued and unrecognized.Because of the stereotypes reinforced by media, the public largely identifies nurses only with bedside care and with carrying out physician’s orders. Most would think that since the work involved seems trivial, nurses do not need to obtain a 4-year BSN degree. They do not see the complex daily responsibilities of the nurse that requires education, training and autonomy or the current scope of nursing practice. As such, they fail to appreciate the significant impact of nurses’ work on patient health and outcomes.Although men have enrolled in nursing, it is still mainly a women’s profession and as Lavinia Dock (cited in Fletcher) aptly put it, â€Å"the status of nursing in all countries and at all times depends on the status of women† (2007, p.210). Because the nurse is a woman in a caring profession, expectations of her relate to female gender roles as well. Hence, further improvements in the status of women will similarly uplift the status of nursing.

Breastfeeding in Public Essay Example

Breastfeeding in Public Essay Example Breastfeeding in Public Paper Breastfeeding in Public Paper In 2005, Barbara Walters, on national television, said that the sight of a woman breast-feeding her kid next to her made her uncomfortable.  What followed was a protest which began on the Internet and ended up in the streets.   After the comment, around 200 women hiked to ABCs headquarters, their form of protest: breastfeeding their babies in full view of everyone, while others held signs denouncing Walters comments, and the show which she hosts (Harmon, 2005). Amy Harmon at the New York Times writes that the ABC protest is only the most visible example of a new wave of lactivism.  Ã‚   Harmon relates that the lactivism movement stems from the surge of American mothers who choose to breastfeed (from 50% in 1990 to 70% in 2003).   Harmon explains that women found their lactivism voice after getting nasty comments about breastfeeding in public, or being asked to stop or transfer.   Harmon also writes that hundreds of women recount being asked to stop in a host of public spots.   Harmon attributes these to the prevailing cultural squeamishness of public nursing (Harmon, 2005). The Law Breastfeeding in public, however uncomfortable for those who could see it, is legal in the United States.   According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, 39 states, the Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia   all have laws which specifically allow women to breastfeed in public.   Twenty-five states have laws which categorically excludes breastfeeding from being classified as indecent.   Breastfeeding in the workplace is allowed in the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico along with 19 states (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2008). Going further, breastfeeding mothers are exempted from jury duty in 12 states and Puerto Rico while five states and Puerto Rico have encouraged the development of education campaigns geared at breastfeeding awareness (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2008). Businesses are also allowing nursing customers to breastfeed in their establishments, Harmon gave Starbucks and Burger King as examples (Harmon, 2005). Its Ones Right Breastfeeding has been proven beneficial to both the mother and the baby.   Public health officials have even gone as far as saying that not breastfeeding is detrimental to a babys health (Rabin, 2006). The United States Food and Drug Administration says that a growing body of evidence points to the fact that breast-fed babies have lower chances of being hospitalized, contracting diseases such as ear infections and diarrhea, getting allergies and rashes.   An FDA article cites Ruth Lawrence at the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation that breastfeeding should be done for six to twelve months (Williams, 1995). Breast milk contains just the right amounts of lactose, water, amino and fatty acids for proper digestion, growth and brain development.   Breast milk also transfers a mothers antibodies to the baby, protecting the infant from a host of diseases like pneumonia, bronchitis and other virus- and bacteria-borne diseases.   It is also sterile, and has more than 100 ingredients not found in infant formula.   It doesnt cause allergies (Williams, 1995). Other benefits to the baby includes proper jaw development, higher chances of developing straight, healthy teeth.   Psychologically, breastfeeding enables early attachment between the mother and the child, while promoting a healthy sense of security (Williams, 1995).   The Department of Human Services adds that breastfeeding is also tied to earlier development of infant immune system, decreased risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, less susceptibility to serious illness, reduced risk of chronic diseases like childhood cancers, juvenile diabetes, allergic diseases, asthma, higher IQs from enhanced neurological development. To the mother, breastfeeding can help in shedding off the extra pounds, save money.   Breastfeeding can also act as a contraceptive (Williams, 1995).   The mothers uterus also returns to normal size faster.   Also, there is reduced risk of endometrial, breast and ovarian cancers, osteoporosis and bone fracture.   Psychologically, a breastfeeding mother gets more confident and bonds with her baby (Department of Human Services, undated). Not breastfeeding, or at least in public, can deprive both mother and infant of these benefits.   And society is not helping.   Rabin points out that 60% of mothers with very young children work, while the law only requires companies to pay 12 weeks of unpaid maternity leave.   There is even no time alloted for lactation leave.   Only 1/3 of large companies have private and secure facilities for breastfeeding.   Only 7% offer child care sites near or in the workplace (Rabin, 2006). In effect, breastfeeding in public becomes necessary because its very hard to be a parent without leaving home, and hungry babies are not known for their patience.   A new mother returning to her normal routine outside the home will find it difficult to locate a place thats truly private in order to breastfeed her baby (Pugliese, 2000). As Anne Robb Pugliese states, breast milk is the best for babies, it doesnt stop being so just because other people are around. Nurse Here Now, an online advocacy for breastfeeding in public, states that breastfeeding in public is not, or should not be, a shameful act.   Other peoples discomfort stems from the fact that they cannot distinguish between maternal and sexual intimacy.   Moreover, hiding to breastfeed is not giving priority to the babys needs (NurseHereNow.Com, 2005).

Vietnam history - Rules of Engagement as seen through the different Essay

Vietnam history - Rules of Engagement as seen through the different levels of command - Essay Example There are certain rules of engagement that the Army has to consider during its operation, and while fighting the war it has to take care not to go against any of the international laws or the conditions laid down by their commanders. They are only allowed to use force and power to win the war if they use it within the set discipline and rules. In Vietnam the individual soldiers totally understood the rules of engagement. However, the problem was with them accepting those rules. The ROE led to restrictions on the military because of which their morale went down. The reason behind this was that, metaphorically speaking, one of the hands of the military was tied back and they were fighting in such a position. This was of course difficult for them and was like asking them to waste their lives without any reason since they could not defend themselves freely just due to certain rules. It is difficult for a battalion commander to come to a conclusion as to when his side should win the battl e, and what they would lose in order for that to happen. The rules of engagement, from the point of view the battalion commanders were pretty realistic. The soldiers would totally disagree since they are fighting and anything that hinders them in defending themselves or others would be disagreeable to them. Coming back to battalion commanders, they feel that it is their right to protect the innocent civilians. And that is where the ROE come into play. These rules prevent the soldiers from attacking under certain circumstances as, although they might only be retaliating to the attack they received, they might also hurt some other people around which is just not done (Lt. Col. Douglas Smith). Same was the case with the division commanders. They also felt the same and outlined the rules of engagement that the army was supposed to follow. It is clear that it was the first priority of these commanders to prevent unnecessary casualties and destruction (Holdorf, 1975). General William West moreland was the permanent commander of MACV and all the US forces in Vietnam were under him. His foresight told him that there was going to be a rise in conflict. The plan that he approached was aggressive and can be called â€Å"search and destroy†. What Westmoreland did was make the forces of Viet Cong come out in order that his men could kill them. According to this man, defeating Viet Cong only required great use of weaponry. Westmoreland was pretty optimistic regarding the war and in his speeches he used to report about the success of the American forces in pulling down the Vietnamese Army. It was during the First World War that in Vietnam President Lyndon Johnson decided against mobilizing the National Guards as, from what he thought, doing such a thing would lead to the Soviets and Chinese getting hints which would definitely cause certain effects upon their direct involvement in the war (Doubler, 2008). Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara was responsible for recomme nding to President Johnson to mobilize the National Guards as well as the reserves. This was in the July of 1965. However, according to the President the ground war was going to end soon and there was a requirement of forces to be present in case there was a war in Korea. The reason that McNamara gives for them failing was that they did not take seriously the obstacles and problems they had to face. Also, according to him they had supported the wrong government

First Amendment Legal Precedents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

First Amendment Legal Precedents - Essay Example Here, Las Vegas is attempting to assert that a public street is a private place and the notion flies in the face of the first amendment. If the city of Las Vegas regulates the content of the expression, there must be a compelling state interest and must be narrowly written to achieve that interest. Perry Education Ass'n v. Perry Local Educators' Ass'n, 460 U.S. 37 (1983). Restrictions on speech in a public forum will likely also be upheld if the expressive activity being regulated is a type that is not entitled to full First Amendment protection, such as obscenity. Laws that regulate the time, manner, and place, but not content, of speech in a public forum receive less scrutiny by the Court than do laws that restrict the content of expression. It is not necessary that a content-neutral law be the least restrictive alternative, but only that the government's interest would be achieved less effectively without it. Ward v. Rock against Racism, 491 U.S. 781, (1989). A distinction is drawn between public premises that serve as traditional public forums and those that constitute limited public forums. For example, state fairgrounds are public premises that have not traditionally served as public forums. The government is allowed to impose more restrictions on free speech in limited public forums than in traditional public forums. In Heffron v. ... Here there is nothing to indicate that the grounds are private and as such the protest should be allowed subject to any limitations set forth by Heffron v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness. 2. 10 points - Harvey Case- information attached Do you think Judge Ross's ruling that William Harvey's arrest was a legitimate exercise of government power was a sound legal decision Or do you agree with the New York Civil Liberties Union's director that the ruling violated Harvey's First Amendment rights Explain your answer citing the legal rules that apply to free speech and explaining how you believe they apply to the particular facts surrounding William Harvey's arrest. One of the freedoms that we as Americans enjoy is the freedom of speech and with any freedom, comes the drawbacks. Setting aside the sickening notion that America in any way deserved the tragic events that occurred on September 11, 2001, the fact remains that everyone is entitled to express their opinions. Laws that limit inciting or provocative speech often called fighting words, or offensive expressions such as pornography, are subject to what the United States Supreme Court has determined a strict scrutiny test. The government may impose content regulations on certain categories of expression that do not merit First Amendment protection. For example, the Court stated in Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568, (1942),"There are certain defined and narrowly limited classes of speech, the prevention and punishment of which have never bee,n thought to raise constitutional problems."Â