Technological Advances in the Last Century Essay Example for Free

Innovative Advances in the Last Century Essay In the only remaining century, innovation has changed broad communications massively. A hundred years back, individuals would utilize the mail station, an uncommon phone or verbal exchange to impart across enormous separations. These were not the most productive strategies for correspondence. Anyway from that point forward we have created methods of conveying in quicker, increasingly viable ways. During the 1920s, radios began turning out to be increasingly well known. In addition to the fact that they produced music for diversion, they likewise delivered reports and numerous notices. In the late 1920s, the Great Depression began. It was because of the radio that numerous individuals likely heard the news and offers of work with Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal. As individuals were tuning in to the radio all the more frequently they additionally started to question â€Å"big business†, in light of the fact that individuals began to feel misused in all parts of life by the huge organizations. Since a great deal of lower class individuals didn't have the foggiest idea how to peruse in those occasions, papers and composed notices were not the best methods for correspondence. This made the radio considerably progressively mainstream, on the grounds that informed individuals, yet in addition uneducated individuals could pick up information that was recently limited to the individuals who could peruse. At the point when the 1930s came around, radio was still similarly as well known as in the 1920’s, and they likewise utilized movies for diversion and publicizing. In the 1940’s the TV started to show up on the scene permitting people in general to see day by day fiction appears, just as news communicates and notices. Families started moving from large urban communities to suburbia, where being in close region is not, at this point required on account of the TV. Guard innovation and satellites started the start of the web because of the Vietnam War in 1959. During the 1960s, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) controlled radio and TV wireless transmissions, administering what was suitable or not for watchers to see or hear. Social issues, for example, race, class, legislative issues, and bias are gigantic points for network shows. During the 1970s an incredible new development called the Video Cassette Recorder (VCR) was presented and the general population could watch pre-recorded motion pictures, narratives, or life stories of their decision. They could watch some different option from a program they didn't decide to watch, yet had to watch, as a result of the absence of systems and programming. PC partnerships additionally came out with the chip, which was, and still is, basically the â€Å"brain† for a PC. At the point when the chip was uncovered, PCs were about as large as a little room. PC engineers didn't think, at that point, that a PC could ever be littler than a little family room, since they didn't trust it is conceivable to make such a gigantic measure of data in such a little gadget. As we moved into the 1980s, digital TV detonated into an across the nation wonder. Link systems differed from throughout the day ardent films to day in and day out news communicates to any music video you could consider to unscripted tv. The computerized time turned out to be completely fledged during the 1990s. There were PCs in for all intents and purposes each home, and buyers had the option to go through dial web to E-Mail people, or to utilize it for business correspondence around the globe. With the PCs in the home and headway of innovation came the appearance of the PC. This was basically a home PC that could fit on the lap of the person. People weren’t just kept to their own state or nation any longer, the development had gotten worldwide. Conservative Disks (CD) and Digital Video Disks (DVD) were growing, having motion pictures, music and computer games as substance. Before long, the populace would figure out how to utilize the web to communicate news recordings and individual recordings. As the world passes the turn of the century, films, TV appears, music, books, magazines, and papers all meet on the web. Inside 10 years, designers and significant PDA and PC organizations create â€Å"Smartphones†, or mobile phones on steroids. Everything essential that anybody can do from a personal computer, they can do from the palm of their hand. Before long, those blast into contact screen tablets, where anybody can watch webcasts, mess around, compose records, search the web, and convey all the more proficiently and immediately. As Bill Gates once said â€Å"640KB [of memory] should be sufficient for anyone. † (Adams McCrindle, 2008) This fair shows how much our innovation has progressed. Some convenient gadgets have up to 64MB for memory, in addition to extra interior memory too. That’s 65,536KB, around multiple times more than what Bill Gates initially thought would be sufficient. Taking everything into account, media proficiency is immensely significant for buyers in this day in age. Individuals are regularly on the run, working, working out, taking children to class or practice, that they once in a while have the opportunity to really plunk down and peruse the paper, or watch the news. In the event that buyers have all that data cut to their abdomens, or in their folder case, when individuals have a couple of moments to unwind, they can plunk down and set aside some effort to do what they appreciate, regardless of whether it be viewing the news, watching sports features, perusing, long range interpersonal communication or messing around. Anything they need is at the pinch of a finger.

Emancipation Proclamation and it’s Impact Essay Example for Free

Liberation Proclamation and it’s Impact Essay The Emancipation Proclamation was given by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863 as the country moved toward its third year of common war (â€Å"The Emancipation Proclamation†). This decree was a huge advance towards the goal of consummation servitude and making African Americans equivalent residents of the United States. The setting of the decree proclaimed that â€Å"that all people held as slaves â€Å"within the insubordinate states â€Å"are, and henceforward will be free†. The declaration turned into a critical street to slavery’s last demolition and got one of the underlying motivations for human opportunity. The declaration however the aim was acceptable has numerous basic perspectives to be noted. The utilization of the announcement was â€Å"limited just to those pieces of North America which were heavily influenced by the military of the Confederate States of America† (â€Å"Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation†). President Lincoln had no capacity to free slaves by and large in light of the fact that such demonstration during that time would have been unlawful or illegal. He could just issue such just from his ability as Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy and as an essential war measure (Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation†). Anyway in spite of the restrictions, the announcement of freedom had huge impacts that perhaps help molded America. In spite of the fact that the useful impacts of the declaration was just restricted to certain regions â€Å"it served as a significant image that the North presently expected not exclusively to protect the Union yet in addition to abrogate the act of slavery† (Emancipation Proclamation Further Readings). The achievement of the decree after the Civil War roused Lincoln to totally bolster the freedom of the African American dark individuals. This made ready for the proposition of the Republican Party 1864 that requires the progressive abrogation of subjugation by protected revision. The declaration likewise kept Europe from supporting the Confederacy and energized selection of dark officers, thus, the North America towards bondage in Civil War was crushed (The Emancipation Proclamation: The Document that Saved America). The finish of Civil War unquestionably rejoined the insubordinate conditions of United States with the Union which additionally made America an exceptionally huge country and in the long run ground-breaking nation. The Proclamation gave satisfaction and would like to a huge number of dark individuals who was been subjugated by the Southern United States Americans. The Civil War from 1861-1865 between Northern Defenders of the Union and the Southern individuals from the Confederacy (the name for the states that had isolated themselves from the United States to frame their own nation in a bleeding strife) changed the focal point of the war from â€Å"the privileges of the individual states† to liberating the slaves (â€Å"Slaverys End Brings Both Joy and Confusion†). Common War after the Emancipation was at that point about opportunity. At the point when the Civil War finished, the liberation of blacks however left the White Southerners to be harsh and furious who can not yet completely acknowledge that the slaves’ unpaid work will be finished. Being crushed by the Southern individuals from the Confederacy, Northern whites felt that it is incomprehensible for them to modify their broke existence without the blacks. The huge number of negative feelings felt by them features and shows the bigot mentality of Northern European plunge. Blacks, after the Proclamation of Emancipation and in the long run after the Civil War, discovered that it isn't correct that they originated from sub-par race. What's more, that it isn't correct that they are basically properties and they likewise understood that they turned into a survivor of subjection due to obliviousness. As free and learned men, they no longer needed to endure the brutalities they encountered and suffered as slaves. The finish of bondage allowed them the chance to restore their character, their singularity and their general public. The Proclamation additionally became successful social arousing about subjugation and human opportunity. It outlines that people of various culture, genders, religion and races are made equivalent. The Emancipation Proclamation realized extraordinary changes in the American culture. The familiarity with black’s subjugation enlivened writing, expressions, music and movies about opportunity and freedom. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society, opportunity of religion and the foundation of various associations and gatherings that help the dark network roused its development. Not exclusively did the world spotlights on the United States from that point on with respect to subjugation however the world began to open their eyes about the diverse existing bondages, model Apartheid in Africa during mid twentieth century. Work Cited Page: THe Emancipation Proclamation. Feartured Documents. The National Archives. U. S. National Archives and Records Administration. Washington, US http://www. documents. gov/displays/featured_documents/emancipation_proclamation/Lincols Emancipation Proclamation. Battling Salvery Today. Abolitionist Slavery Society Boston. 2008 November 09 http://www. against slaverysociety. addr. com/record. htm Slaverys End Brings both Joy and Confusion. Liberation Proclamation Summary. Boog Rags. Glitz Publisher Network. http://www. bookrags. com/look into/slaverys-end-brings-both-bliss and-co-rerl-01/Emancipation Proclamation Further Readings. American Law Encyclopedia Vol 4. Law Library American Law and Legal Information. Net Industries. 2008 http://law. jrank. organization/pages/6410/Emancipation-Proclamation. html The Emancipation Proclamation: THe Document that SAved America. A Journal for the Lincoln Collecter. The Rail Splitter 1998 http://www. railsplitter. com/sale10/boker. html

Whats Really Happening When You Have a Freudian Slip

What's Really Happening When You Have a Freudian Slip History and Biographies Print Whats Really Happening When You Have a Freudian Slip By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 27, 2019 Fabrice Lerouge / Getty Images More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming A Freudian slip is a verbal or memory mistake that is believed to be linked to the unconscious mind. These slips supposedly reveal the real secret thoughts and feelings that people hold. Typical examples include an individual calling his or her spouse by an exs name, saying the wrong word, or even misinterpreting a written or spoken word. How Freudian Slips Reveal the Unconscious It was the famed psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud who described a variety of different types and examples of Freudian slips in his 1901 book The Psychopathology of Everyday Life. Almost invariably I discover a disturbing influence from something outside of the intended speech, he wrote. The disturbing element is a single unconscious thought, which comes to light through the special blunder. According to Freud, these errors reveal unconscious thoughts, beliefs, or wishes. Two factors seem to play a part in bringing to consciousness the substitutive names: first, the effort of attention, and second, and inner determinant which adheres to the psychic material, Freud suggested in his book. Besides the simple forgetting of proper names there is another forgetting which is motivated by repression, Freud explained. According to Freud, unacceptable thoughts or beliefs are withheld from conscious awareness, and these slip help reveal what is hidden in the unconscious. Modern Takes on Freudian Slips The term is popularly used today in a humorous way when a person makes a mistake in speech. In these situations, observers often suggest (in a comic way) that the error reveals some hidden emotion on the part of the speaker. While Freud imparted a great deal of hidden meaning in these errors, verbal mistakes are simply an inevitable part of life. In an article for Psychology Today, writer Jena Pincott suggested that people make one to two errors for every 1,000 words they say. This amount to somewhere between 7 and 22 verbal slip-ups during the average day, depending on how much a person talks. Some of these errors might indeed reveal unconscious thoughts and feelings, but in other cases, they are simply cases of misremembering language errors and other mistakes. A few studies have supported Freuds idea that unconscious or even suppressed thoughts can increase the likelihood of verbal errors. Motley and Bears (1979) found that people who thought they might receive an electric shock were more likely to make shock-related verbal mistakes. Those who were near an attractive female experimenter were also more likely to mistake nonsense phrases for words related to beautiful women. In one classic experiment, Harvard psychologist Daniel Wegner asked participants to engage in a stream-of-consciousness verbalization for five minutes. People just talked about whatever passed through their minds for a brief period. The catch was that Wegner asked them not to think about a white bear. Whenever they did think about a white bear, they were supposed to ring a bell. What Wegner found was that those who had been asked not to think about a white bear thought of it an average of once per minute. Based on these findings, Wegner developed what he referred to as a theory of ironic process to explain why suppressing certain thoughts can be so difficult. While certain parts of the brain suppress the hidden thoughts, another part of our minds occasionally checks in to make sure that we are still not thinking about it--ironically bringing the very thoughts we are trying to keep hidden to the forefront of our minds. In many cases, the harder we try not to think of something, the more frequently it springs to mind. And the more often we think of something, the more likely we are to express it verbally. The Original Freudian Slip Freud based his idea on his work with a young man who misquoted a Latin phrase from The Aeneid. The young man had dropped one of the Latin words when he repeated it to Freud, which the psychoanalyst believed that dropping the word offered a revealing look into the young mans unconscious mind. Through free association, Freud determined that the word reminded the young man of blood, which he believed was linked to a pregnancy scare the man had experienced with his girlfriend. Freud suggested that the man had blocked out the word because it reminded him of this negative experience. Examples of Freudian Slips in Popular Culture You’ve probably heard plenty of amusing slips of the tongue in your own life. Think about the time your biology teacher accidentally uttered orgasm instead of organism (much too amusing your class). Or the time you accidentally told someone you were “Sad to meet you!” instead of “Glad to meet you!” Verbal gaffes also provide plenty of amusement when spoken by famous figures, especially when such moments are captured on film. Here are just a few modern examples of famous Freudian slips: During a Vatican sermon in 2014, Pope Francis accidentally used the Italian word cazzo (which translates to F***) instead of caso (which means example). The Pope quickly corrected himself, but not before the slip posted on dozens of websites, blogs, and YouTube videos.During a televised speech on education, Senator Ted Kennedy meant to say that Our national interest ought to be to encourage the best and brightest. Instead, Kennedy accidentally said breast - his hands even cupping the air as he said the word. While he quickly corrected his gaffe and continued, the slip of the tongue seemed revealing considering his hand gestures and the familys reputation for womanizing.At a Washington D.C. dinner party, Condoleezza Rice, then National Security Advisor to President Bush stated, “As I was telling my husbâ€"as I was telling President Bush.” The Freudian slip seemed to reveal perhaps some hidden feelings the unmarried Rice might hold toward her boss.When actress Amanda Seyfried appea red on the Today show to promote the film Ted 2, announcer Willie Geist accidentally described her as titsy rather than ditzy. Besides simply being an amusing slip, the comment perhaps revealed what was really on his mind.

Slavery And The American Revolution - 1132 Words

Slavery, was an institution strongly integrated into American society. This economic system was primarily used in the Southern states of the United State on the plantation areas where tobacco, rice, corn, and eventually cotton were grown. Inspirations of freedom and liberty spread throughout the United States prior to the American Revolution. Along with thoughts of liberty came thoughts of emancipation of this system. â€Å"Even after the prolonged battle for independence, when cries for liberty rang throughout the countryside, opportunities for both emancipation and free blacks diminished.† Slavery stilled had a strong hold of the foundations of the southern economy. The â€Å"peculiar system† continued to grow rapidly, especially at the beginning of the nineteenth century, within the United States. Slavery, was an injustice to both male and female slaves however, women would endure more physical and emotional injustices than men by the means of themselves and their c hildren. The status and importance of a slave women within the â€Å"peculiar system† changed immensely in 1808. External slave trade was prohibited in 1808, making the survival and growth of the slave population an importance to slave owners. To insure there would be a sustainable and growing slave population, slave women were expected to reproduce more frequently. â€Å"Suddenly, enslaved African American women already expected to perform harsh and exactly physical labor, became the sole legal source of slave labor.† SlaveShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The American Revolution938 Words   |  4 Pagesconcepts that are constantly changing, and the American Revolution brought upon major changes to their definitions in the colonies. Two major changes of beliefs were in the concept of slavery and also the roles of women in society. The American Revolution was partly based on the right for American’s to control their own property. At this time property could include other human beings. Before the revolutionary war, slavery was a central institution in American society in the late 18th century. AlthoughRead MoreThe American Revolution And Slavery3056 Words   |  13 Pages Slavery Demetria Juarez 1301.11 US History From 1763-1877 Dr. Gwinyai P. Muzorewa Lamar University Abstract This mission involves discovering how the Civil War was remembered during the nineteenth century. Slavery was a controversial concern during this era, especially for those that endured the pain and suffering, the victims. Examining events, such as the Three-fifths Clause, the Fugitive Slave Clause, the Civil War and the abolition of Slavery. Observing these events,Read MoreSlavery And The American Revolution1987 Words   |  8 PagesSlavery has been a key issue in American history since the first settlers settled here in 1607. Historians such as Vincent J Rosivach writes that when the issue of slavery is mentioned the first thing people think about is the slavery model of the deep south, the cotton kingdom. Rosivach writes that there were many different slave models such as the northern American colonies and 4th century Athens. Rosivach and many other historians agree that the way slavery was done in the north was totally differentRead MoreSlavery And The American Revolution2902 W ords   |  12 PagesThat is the reason behind me choosing my topic on slavery in that era because it is such a wide and important topic with so much relevance and importance to creating the U.S. that we live in today not only building the foundation but creating the melting pot that the U.S. prides itself on. Within the body of this essay we will discussing many important topics on slavery including the Haitian Revolution, Brazil being the last country to abolish slavery, showing the difference between women and men slavesRead MoreAntebellum Slavery And The American Revolution885 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican slavery was something that was not only mentally challenging, but it was physically demanding as well. Many slaves did not have the luxury of a â€Å"kind† master, and many were mistreatment from birth. Slaves fought masters, and master fought slaves without regard to the human condition. Antebellum slavery was different than past forms of American slavery, because sl aves had gained a taste of the ideas that were spread from the American Revolution. These idea played a big role in slaves wantingRead MoreEssay on Slavery and the American Revolution1243 Words   |  5 Pagesthe slave population in the United States of America grew to 500,000 in 1176, documenting slavery as part of the American Revolution became increasingly important. America was rooted in slavery; and it contributed to the economy and social structure. The revolution forced citizens of the new nation to be conscious of slavery and its potential dismissal from every day life. Two articles that prove slavery only succeeded because of the false reality that slave owners created and the conformity toRead MoreSlavery During The American Revolution Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery was held out until 1865, but during this time period abolitionist are trying to do anything to stop slavery. The reason being is because slavery wasn’t slavery anymore. Slavery was beginning to become more advance due to technological innovation. The Abolitionist are people that were against slavery and would boycott anything to get rid of slavery. The argument that the Abolitionist had during this time period was its conditions as violating Christian’s principals and rights to equalityRead MoreAntebellum Slavery And The American Revolution879 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican slavery was something that not only mentally challenging, but it was physically demanding as well. Many slaves did not have the luxury of a â€Å"kind† master, and many were mistreatment from birth. Slaves fought masters, and master fought slaves without regard to the human condition. Antebellum slavery was different than past form of American slavery, because slaves had gained a taste of the ideas that were spread from the American Revolution. These idea played a big role in slaves wanting freedomRead MoreEssay on Slavery and the American Revolution1771 Words   |  8 Pagesto slaver y and underwent the American Revolutionary War. Colonization of the New World by Europeans during the seventeenth century resulted in a great expansion of slavery, which later became the most common form of labor in the colonies. According to Peter Kolchin, modern Western slavery was a product of European expansion and was predominantly a system of labor. Even with the introduction of slavery to the New World, life still wasn’t as smooth as we may presume. Although the early American colonistsRead MoreEssay about The American Revolution and the Institution of Slavery580 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction The American Revolution is defined as the political turbulence that took place towards the end of eighteenth century when thirteen colonies in America united to attain freedom from the British Empire (Clifford, 2005). The union of the thirteen colonies is now known as the United States of America. According to Clifford (2005), the American Revolution occurred because of a series of political, intellectual, and social transformations in the American government and society, which is

The Friday That Changed My Life - 976 Words

The Monday that Changed my Life That Monday I found my dream! It was the unforgettable day during my internship when I realized that Public Health was not just my interest, but my calling. Before that Monday, I had some vague idea of a career in health promotion. Then I met Lal, a Bhutanese refugee who had spent almost 20 years in the refugee camps of Nepal. That Monday, my vague idea blossomed into a firm desire to advocate for vulnerable populations such as refugees, displaced persons, victims of human trafficking, and more, so that individuals such as Lal do not get lost in the chaos of conflict, or stymied by systemic barriers everywhere, including their place of safety. When I sat down with Lal in my cubicle in the darkest corner of the office, little did I know that I was about to begin one of the first emotionally intense and empowering conversations of my career. Lal was my first refugee client at the International Rescue Committee (IRC), a humanitarian aid organization tha t resettles refugees in the U.S., where I had started my internship in Public Health. My role as a Public Health Intern was to support and assist refugees to navigate the intricacies of healthcare and other social services as they walked their road to self-sufficiency and assimilation into a new culture. It was Monday, and the Health Team had walk-in hours for individuals who needed assistance. I introduced myself to Lal with my biggest smile and greeting in Nepali: Namaste. As nervousShow MoreRelatedThe Friday That Changed My Life908 Words   |  4 PagesThe Monday that Changed my Life That Monday I had found my dream! It was during my internship when I realized that Public Health was not just my interest, but my calling. I want to advocate for vulnerable populations such as refugees, displaced individuals, victims of human trafficking, and more, so that individuals such as Lal do not get lost in the chaos of conflict, or systematic barriers. When I sat down with Lal in my cubicle in the darker corner of the office, little did I know that itRead MoreThe Friday That Changed My Life999 Words   |  4 PagesThe Monday that Changed My Life It was an unforgettable day during my internship when I realized that Public Health was not just my interest, but my calling. Although I had a vague idea of a career in health promotion, meeting Lal, my first refugee client at the International Rescue Committee (IRC), a humanitarian aid organization, blossomed my idea into a firm desire to become a public health advocate. I saw an opportunity to improve health equity by addressing the barriers that cause healthRead MoreThe Friday That Changed My Life970 Words   |  4 PagesThe Monday that Changed My Life That Monday I found my dream! It was an unforgettable day during my internship when I realized that Public Health was not just my interest, but my calling. Before that Monday, I had some vague idea of a career in health promotion. Then I met Lal, a Bhutanese refugee who had spent almost 20 years in the refugee camps of Nepal. That Monday, the vague idea blossomed into a firm desire to advocate for vulnerable populations such as refugees, displaced persons, victimsRead MoreThe Friday That Changed My Life982 Words   |  4 PagesThe Monday that Changed my Life When I sat down with Lal in my cubicle chair in the darkest corner of the office, little did I know that it was going to be one of my very first emotionally intense and empowering conversations of my career. Lal was my first refugee client at the International Rescue Committee (IRC), a humanitarian aid organization that resettles refugees, where I had started my internship in Public Health. My role as a Public Health Intern was to support and assist refugees to navigateRead MoreShould Baseball And Golf Be A Small Child?1057 Words   |  5 Pagesthat I participated in throughout my whole life, nothing can compare to the brotherhood and bond that football brought to me. I played football as a small child. I enjoyed the short games and practices because I was able to goof off with my friends. I also began playing football during my sophomore year of high school but quit rather quickly. At this point in time baseball still had my heart and triumphed over football in every way possible. It was not until my senior year at Thomasville High SchoolRead MoreAnalysis Of Robinson Crusoe s Robinson 1412 Words   |  6 Pagesas being eaten signifies death. He builds from his shelter a fort. To keep him protected from the cannibals. But then later he builds a bower or a place of pleasure. First Robinson was building for survival, but now his attitude of the island has changed. Crusoe is learning to work with his surroundings for survival, rather than loathing in his misfortunes. He is able to find and use everything on the island to carry out life’s basic needs for survival. This growth can be the healing that ultimatelyRead MoreAnalysis Of Robinson Crusoe By Daniel Defoe1611 Words   |  7 Pagesmany influential characters, the most important being the native escapee, Friday. Defoe structured Crusoe and Friday’s relationship as very co-dependent in such a way that may be difficult to interpret on screen. There have been several versions of this film, but I will be focusing and comparing the 1997 version of Robinson Crusoe to the original novel. In the original text, Robinson Crusoe plays an important role in saving Friday religiously as well as physically. After examining the drastic differencesRead MoreHamlets Blackberry : Building A Good Life1129 Words   |  5 PagesEssay 3 In the New York Times Bestselling book, â€Å"hamlet’s Blackberry: Building a Good Life in the Digital Age, The author William Powers discusses the good and bad aspects of technology. In Chapter 9, Inventing Your Life, Powers discusses ways to wean yourself off the dependency we all have on technology. One of the ideas for improving digital life that seemed like t would work was â€Å"no-email Fridays.† No-email Fridays seemed so interesting because it is so simple and such a great concept. This was workingRead MoreWishful Thinking Meets Reality : Rhetorical Analysis964 Words   |  4 PagesRhetorical Analysis Everyone can relate to a time in their life when they desired a â€Å"picture-perfect† life with lots of friends and all the material things they could wish for themselves. However, they realize that maybe the â€Å"picture-perfect† life isn’t what they expected once it becomes reality. In the films Freaky Friday and 13 Going on 30, the audience follows the lives of the protagonists as they face their wishes to have a â€Å"better life†. Throughout the essay, we will examine the audiencesRead MoreThe Journey of Robinson Crusoe 1213 Words   |  5 PagesRobinson Crusoe, famous adventure novel, portrays the eventful life of main protagonist Robinson Crusoe. Author, Daniel Defoe depicts his diverse set of characters with purpose in Robinson Crusoe. Crusoe narrates his journey, and how he established himself with wealth. Crusoe, the youngest son of a merchant, knew he must acquire his own wealth in order to full-fill his Englishman desires. His father encourages him to study law, but Crusoe wishes to go out to the sea. His father is against Crusoe’s

Human Embryonic Kidney Cells Free Essays

In figure A: Human embryonic kidney cells were transfected with constructs for carrying out this experiment. Immuno-precipitation was carried out of tagged PAG with an antibody against regulator Myc, its interaction is studied here with SRC BRK follwed by immunoblotting analyzation. The result of this experiment was delaying in electrophorectic mobility of tagged PAG protein, when it was co-expressed with SRC. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Embryonic Kidney Cells or any similar topic only for you Order Now This delay is considered due to hyper-phosphorylation. However, on co-expression of PAG and BRK this band shift was less evident. In figure C: Co-transfection of HEK 293 cells with MYC-PAG and SRC followed by treatment in the absence or presence of SRC kinase inhibitor SU6656 (5 M) for atleast 1 h. PAG was immunoprecipitated by antibody against MYC, and the binding of CSK was compared by immunoblotting. The disturbance of link b/w CSK and PAG was observed on weakening SRC activity by a small molecular inhibitor SU6656, this experiment illustrated the importance of SRC kinase activity for functioning of CSK. B) to test the same hypothesis with controls, take breast cancer frozen samples of different patients, divide the sample in two groups one will be the test group other the control group. The control group will be given doses of anti tumor medication (say tamoxifen for breast cancer). RNA will be extracted from both groups using trizol and will be followed by purification assay. The breast cancer cell lines will be transfected with empty vectors or pcDNA3-MKP3-V5. Further the transfectants will be placed in media MEM along with phenol red. Followed by SDS PAGE electrophoresis, and transfer to nitrocellulose membrane. After transferring they will be incubated with primary antibody for an hour or above then with secondary antibody to observe the chemiluminescence with a reagent. The cells will then be lysed in a buffer, phosphatase reaction carried out will be observed via assays and transfected cells will be compared with control ones to whom tamoxifen was given. How to cite Human Embryonic Kidney Cells, Papers

Lahore City in Pakistan

Lahore, which is the capital city of the Punjan province of Pakistan, is a major business hub. Indeed, it stands out as the second largest city in the nation. The politics and government of the city are shaped around a strong and long cultural history that dates back to about a millennium.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Lahore City in Pakistan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organization of the city is remarkably strategic since it caters for the five main principle functions set for the city. It serves as an outstanding political, educational, economic, entertainment, and transportation base. These integrated obligations of Lahore make the city not only attractive to entrepreneurs but also one of the most highly populated in the world. In fact, for continued performance of the city, government and political issues that are necessary for paying attention to in relation to the 2030 outlook need also to be organized around the five main functions of the city. With regard to Asher and Talbot (2006), Lahore city is also called â€Å"Mughal city of gardens due to the historic presence of gardens in and around it dating back to the Mughal period† (p.27). This appealing outlook underpins the need to protect the rich cultural heritages presented by Lahore within the postulations of the 2030 outlook. One of the dominant challenges of Lahore city is to design effective governance approaches that would ensure that the negative implications emanating from the large population size are addressed effectively.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This anticipated strategy is perhaps an important political and governance issue since Lahore is the home to more than 6 million people as per the 1998 statistics derived from the national census with the 2010 government approximations pu tting the population size of the nation as 4 million higher than the 1998 census figures. Although the current population of Lahore is approximated to be even higher than 10 million, the city remains a major tourist attraction center in Pakistan. Hence, it stands out as an epicenter for the foreign policies enacted by Pakistan in relation to how the Muslim-dominated nation deserves to treat people from diverse denominational backgrounds arriving at the city annually from all across the globe. Based on the Pakistan’s 2001 revision for administrative structures, Lahore was rated among the city districts. Although it remains a single city under this administrative structure, Lahore was further subdivided into nine towns. Every town is then further subdivided into union council to ease the administrative work. The nine towns are â€Å"Ravi, Nishter, Shalimar, Iqbal, Wagah, Samanabad, Aziz Bhati, Gulberg, and Data Ganj Bakhsh† (Asher Talbot, 2006). As a major economic and governance hub in Pakistan, Lahore is the home of several Pakistani government-run corporations including WAPDA and WASA. Economically, Lahore city has a GDP of about 40 billion US dollars as per the 2008 statistics. The projected growth of the economy was 5.6% then. According to Price Water House Coopers â€Å"†¦as a whole, Punjab has a 115 billion$ economy making it the first Pakistani Subdivision of economy scooping more than 100 billion$ at the rank 144† (p.8).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Lahore City in Pakistan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These figures have the implication of putting Lahore’s contribution to the overall economic development of Pakistan to about 13.5 %. In line with the 2030 outlook, the GDP of the city of Lahore is anticipated to reach the one billion US dollar mark by 2025. This expected outcome is accompanied by an economic growth rate of more than 5.6 % annually. Reference List Asher, C., Talbot, C. (2006).The History of Pakistan’s Cities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Price Water House Coopers. (2010). Global city GDP rankings 2008-2025. Pakistan: Price Water House Coopers. This research paper on Lahore City in Pakistan was written and submitted by user Aiyana Hurst to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

More Confusing Spanish Verb Pairs

More Confusing Spanish Verb Pairs Spanish students usually learn fairly early in their studies about how to distinguish between the two main verbs for to be, ser and estar, and the two main verbs for to know, saber and conocer. But because they arent used as often, it is easy to overlook some of the other confusing verb pairs. Among those pairs are those for the verbs to ask, to leave, to apply, to have, to play and to take. This list is by no means exhaustive, but if you can learn how to properly translate these verbs into Spanish you will be well on your way to avoiding some of the most common verb-choice mistakes made by non-native speakers. To Ask If youre making a request for a thing or some action, use pedir. But if youre asking for information about something, use preguntar. Remember that pedir can be translated as ask for or request, so you dont need to follow it with a preposition. Me pidià ³ tres dà ³lares, he asked me for $3. Me preguntà ³ por tres dà ³lares, he asked me about the $3 (as what happened to it). Me pidià ³ que cocinara la comida, she asked me to cook the meal. Preguntà ³ si habà ­a cocinado la comida, she asked me if I had cooked the meal. Note that pedir is irregular. To Leave If youre leaving in the sense of exiting or going away, use salir (you may remember that an exit in Spanish is una salida). But if youre leaving an object somewhere, use dejar. El tren sale a las ocho, the train leaves at 8. Dejà © mis libros en el tren, I left my books in the train. Dejar also can mean to leave in the less common sense of to allow.  ¡Dà ©jame salir! Leave me go! Note that salir is irregular. To Apply If youre applying in the sense of applying for a job, use solicitar. If youre applying something, use aplicar. Tres personas solicitan el puesto de redactor, three people are seeking the editors position. Tengo que aplicar el bronceador, I need to apply the suntan lotion. Note that aplicar is irregular. You also can use aplicarse for to apply oneself. Mi hijo se aplica mucho en sus tareas escolares, my son applies himself well to his homework. To Have To have in the sense of to possess is tener. Haber is usually used much as the English to have as an auxiliary verb with the past participle. Tengo tres libros, I have three books. He leà ­do tres libros, I have read three books. That difference is straightforward. But both verbs can also be used with que to indicate necessity. Tener que followed by an infinitive means to have to, while hay que (hay is a form of haber) also expresses necessity but doesnt specify who is performing the action. Tengo que leer tres libros, I have to read three books. Hay que leer tres libros, three books have to be read (or, it is necessary to read three books). Both tener and haber are irregular. To Play Use jugar when talking about playing a game, tocar when playing a musical instrument. Me gusta jugar al bà ©isbol, I like playing baseball. No me gusta tocar el piano, I dont like playing the piano. Both jugar and tocar are irregular. To Take Use llevar for to take in the sense of to carry or to transport. But use tomar for to take in the sense of to take for ones use. Use sacar for take out in the sense of remove. Me llevas al aeropuerto, youre taking me to the airport. Tomo el tren al aeropuerto, Im taking the train to the airport. Tengo que tomar la medicina, I have to take the medicine. El dentista sacà ³ las muelas, the dentist took out the teeth. Sacar is irregular.

Understanding and Identifying Douglas Firs

Understanding and Identifying Douglas Firs Douglas fir  (or Doug fir) is the English name applied in common to most evergreen coniferous trees of the genus Pseudotsuga  which is in the family Pinaceae. There are five species, two in western North America, one in Mexico, and two in eastern Asia. Douglas Fir Is Confusing to Taxonomists The firs most common name honors a Scottish botanist by the name of David Douglas, a collector of botanical specimens who first reported the extraordinary nature and potential of the species. On his second expedition to North Americas Pacific Northwest in 1824, he discovered what was to eventually be scientifically named Pseudotsuga menziesii. Because of its distinctive cones, Douglas firs were finally placed in the new genus Pseudotsuga (meaning false Tsuga) by the French botanist Carrià ¨re in 1867. Doug firs gave 19th-century botanists problems due to their similarity to various other conifers better known at the time; they have at times been classified as Pinus, Picea, Abies, Tsuga, and even Sequoia. The Common North American Douglas Fir Douglas fir is one of the most important timber trees on earth in terms of forest products. It can grow large over centuries but will usually be harvested within a century because of its wood value. The good news is that it is a common non-endangered tree and the most plentiful western conifer in North America. This common fir has two Pacific coastal and Rocky Mountain variants or varieties. The coastal tree grows to a height of 300 feet where the Rocky Mountain variety only reaches 100 feet.   Pseudotsuga menziesii  var. menziesii  (called coastal Douglas fir) grows  in the moist coastal regions from west-central  British Columbia  southward to central  California. These firs in Oregon and Washington range from the  eastern edge of the Cascade mountain range to the Pacific ocean.Pseudotsuga menziesii  var. glauca  (called Rocky Mountain Douglas fir) is a smaller fir that tolerates drier sites and grows along with the coastal variety and throughout the Rocky Mountains to Mexico. Quick Identification of Douglas Fir Douglas fir is not a true fir so both the needle formations and the unique cone can throw you off. The cone has unique snake tongue-like forked bracts creeping out from under the scales. These cones are nearly always intact and plentiful both on and under the tree. True firs have needles that are upturned and not whorled. Doug fir is not a true fir and needles are singly wrapped around the twig and between 3/4 to  1.25 inches long with a white line underneath. The needles are deciduous (but may persist), linear or needle-like, not prickly like spruce, and singly whorled around the twig. Doug fir is also a  favorite Christmas tree  and adapts well to commercial plantations well out of its natural range. The Most Common North American Conifer List Baldcypress  CedarDouglas firFirHemlock  Larch PineRedwoodSpruce

Construction op analysis R5 (reading articles) Article

Construction op analysis R5 (reading articles) - Article Example The same standards of data collection procedures must be maintained for both primary and secondary methods of data collection. A compromise on the standards will lead to misleading data and hence data should not be †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦worshipped or taken to be perfectly true. Answer: Data is essential for validity of research. Primary, secondary, and good data are all sources of data used in research and considered to be true. The challenge of the data collected depends on the procedures of data collection. The procedures affect the course of research regardless of the influence of the researchers on the data. The same standards of data collection procedures must be maintained for both primary and secondary methods of data collection. A compromise on the standards will lead to misleading data and hence data should not be taken to be perfectly true. Garza Jesus, Pinero, Juan and Ozbek, Mehmet. Sampling Procedure for Performance-Based Road Maintenance Evaluations. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2044. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington D.C. 2008. Print. Pp. 11-18. Redman, Thomas. Data: An Unfolding Quality Disaster, DM Review Magazine, Data Management Review and Source Media Inc., Aug. 2004. Web. 17 Feb.

Managing people at work Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing people at work - Research Paper Example Further, this move was based on the fact that teachers and principals are the people who interact directly with the students, and they are far much aware of the decisions that can work best for the students. This was supposed to add value to the quality of education that students received, without any restrains from the availability of resources. Notably, the federation was for the improved decision making that was school based as long as the approach did not jeopardize excellence and equity of schools, the curriculum that is statewide and staffing and resources guarantees. Further, the approach should not tamper with the entitlements and rights of teachers’ employment, as well as the primacy of the role of the principal who is the leader of education in schools (Mulheron 2012, p.3). This approach was to emphasize the primacy and significance of consultation, which should be genuine at all levels without a single compromise. Consultation approach received a warm welcome from t he NSW, and it had been incorporated in their recent education training programs. This approach had grand ambitions of eliminating the impositions of political agendas in schools; agendas that were predetermined by the politicians and policy makers. Apparently, it is essential that people should support the implementation of the NSW ideas to ensure that all children receive equal opportunities in schools, as well as receive high quality training. It imperative to note that, rejecting such a brilliant idea would send the society back to the dark days where some schools were residualized, and parents took their children when they were out of choices (NSW Teachers Federation 2011, p. 3). The core objective of this approach is to eliminate and avoid the emergence of a society that depends on wealth, parental influence and power to determine the opportunities of children, in schools and other education institutions. Rather, the approach compels the government to guarantee that all childr en receive equal chances and opportunities to receive the best quality education. Further, the NSW reform that was developed alongside the approach had crucial roles in the whole process, which included rebuilding and restoring the education system of the public to its original reputation. The ongoing debate found momentum when the minister for education conducted a process of consultation to devolve the making of decisions that affect schools to school communities, principals and teachers (Argyrous 2010, p. 39). These standards were supposed to apply in the process of provision of education services to students of the public schools in NSW. The federation of NSW teachers supports the implementation of policies that improve the principal’s capacity to deliver high quality of education to students (Chapman 1990, p. 48). However, this policy would remain viable as long as it did not diminish or undermine the excellence and equity for all schools and students. Further, the appro ach was supposed to guarantee staffing, resources and statewide curriculum to all schools and individuals (Smyth 1993, p. 53). Other considerations included the entitlements of teachers’ for employment and the educational leadership of the principal. On the contrary, those who oppose to the approach claim that increased autonomy of schools and the authority of principal will accentuate the disparity between schools, as well as have all the commonalities disregarded. Apparently, the supporters of this

Making Sense of a Change Management

Making Sense of a Change Management Change management is a systematic approach to dealing with change, both from the perspective of an organization and on the individual level. A somewhat ambiguous term, change management has at least three different aspects, including: adapting to change, controlling change, and effecting change. A proactive approach to dealing with change is at the core of all three aspects. For an organization, change management means defining and implementing procedures and/or technologies to deal with changes in the business environment and to profit from changing opportunities. Successful adaptation to change is as crucial within an organization as it is in the natural world. Just like plants and animals, organizations and the individuals in them inevitably encounter changing conditions that they are powerless to control. The more effectively you deal with change, the more likely you are to thrive. Adaptation might involve establishing a structured methodology for responding to changes in the business environment (such as a fluctuation in the economy, or a threat from a competitor) or establishing coping mechanisms for responding to changes in the workplace (such as new policies, or technologies). This book review is an attempt to understand the theoretical background for the changes that occur on individual as well as on organizational basis. The book Making Sense of Change Management: A complete Guide to the Models, Tools Techniques of Organizational Change written by Esther Cameron and Mike Green, highlights and explain different theories presented by the renowned businessmen, economists and educationists regarding different changing phenomenon appearing on the horizon of business world. Cameron and Greens objective for writing this book is to help their reader understand why change happens, how change happens, and what needs to be done to make change a more welcoming concept by carefully reviewing a wealth of resources that provide models, tools, and techniques of organizational change. Their purpose is not to explain how to plan and then implement a change initiative program. Rather the material presented in this book assist the readers to comprehend the change, its natu re, how it can be assessed and related to a particular situation and what type of outcomes can be carved out of the responses received on individual and organizational basis. Introduction of the Book The book Making Sense of Change Management: A complete Guide to the Models, Tools Techniques of Organizational Change is written by Esther Cameron and Mike Green. This book is about making sense of change management. The world we live in is continuously undergoing rapid changes at an intense rate. Each day dawns with a new invention, with an important discovery emerging from almost every field of life. The rate of change and discovery outpaces our potentials to keep up with them. The organization we work in or rely on to meet our needs and demands are also changing dramatically in terms of their strategies, their structures, their systems cultures, their boundaries and of course their expectations and responses to their stakeholders. This book and its writers Cameron and Green seems to hold the objective of helping their readers understand why change happens, how change happens, and what needs to be done to make change a more welcoming concept by carefully reviewing a wealth of resources that provide models, tools, and techniques of organizational change. Their purpose is not to explain how to plan and then implement a change initiative program instead of this their focus is on developing an understanding among their readers. The material in this volume is carefully organized within two parts. Part one, of this book is named as The Underpinning Theory and is comprised of first four chapters. Individual change is at the heart of everything that is achieved in organizations. Once individuals have the motivation to do something different, the whole world can begin to change[Individuals] are to some extent governed by the norms of the groups they belong to, and groups are bound together in a whole system of groups of people that interconnect in various habitual ways. So the story is not always that simple. Individuals, teams, and organizations all play a part in the process of change, and leaders have a particularly onerous responsibility: that is, making all this happen. Part Two The Applications is comprised of last four chapters (Chapters 5-8): In this Part, having looked at change and change management from three different perspectives (i.e. individual, team, and organization) and the roles, styles, and skills needed to become a successful leader of change, Cameron and Green apply this learning to specific types of change. They claim: We have identified four generic change scenarios, and we look at the particular management challenges involved in initiating and implementing each type of change. These change scenarios are structural, mergers and acquisitions, cultural, and IT-based process. Summary of the Book The very first chapter of the book draws together the key theories of how individuals go through change, using various models to explore the phenomenon. This chapter aims at providing managers and policy makers an insight and understanding of the change process and how it affects individuals and what strategies can be used to help the people to go through transition or transformation process without bearing a stress. Many of the change scenarios that you find yourself in require you to learn something new, or to adjust to a new way of operating, or to unlearn something. Buchanan and Huczynski (1985) define learning as the process of acquiring Knowledge through experience which leads to a change in behavior. Learning is not just an acquisition of knowledge, but the application of it through doing something different in the world. But learning to do something new usually involves a temporary dip (downfall) in the performance. When learning something new we tend to be more focus on that and become conscious of that change in our learning resulting in a change of our behavior. But once we have learnt that skill or has become habitual of that change our attention to that factor decreases and we are less conscious of it in other words we are unconsciously competent on that skill. There are four key schools of thought when considering individual change: The behaviorist approach is about changing the behaviors of others through reward and punishment. This leads to behavioral analysis and use of reward strategies. The cognitive approach states that the desired results can be achieved through positive reframing or the reinforcement of some desired attitudes. The writers believe that by setting goals and providing guidance and coaching to the employees or the people who are being affected by the change can ease the process of implementation of change. This approach link goal to motivation. The psychodynamic approach is about understanding and relating to the inner world of change. This is especially significant when people are going through highly affecting change. This approach treats people as individuals and understand their emotional states. The humanistic psychology approach in the personal development and growth of the employees by providing them a healthy atmosphere and fair chances to improve their skills to adapt to changing environment. The individuals history, the organizations history, the type of change and the consequence of the change are also key factors in an individuals response to change. Schein identified two competing anxieties in individual change: survival anxiety versus learning anxiety. Survival anxiety has to be greater than learning anxiety if a change is to happen. He advocated the need for managers to reduce peoples learning anxiety rather than their survival anxiety. The individuals in an organization work together sometimes in the form of groups or sometimes in the form of a team. Teams and groups have been differentiated in this book on the basis of their different characteristics and reasons for existence. Teams are considered more important for the organizations for accomplishing large or complex tasks. There are many types of organizational team, each with their significant benefits and downsides. Teams can be more effective by addressing five elements: Team mission, planning and goal setting; Team roles and responsibilities; Team operating processes; Team interpersonal relationships; Inter-team relationships; Teams relationships with the management. Teams are not built overnight. It takes time to develop as a team and have goal oriented affiliation among the team members. Tuckmans forming, storming, norming and performing model is useful for understanding the process. The team development process involves different leadership challenges at each stage. This book has made use of Bions work that highlights four possible pitfalls that need to be worked through. These are as follow: dependency fight or flight pairing cosiness The composition of a team is an important factor in determining how it can be successful. According to Belbin well-rounded teams work best. The Myers Briggs profile allows mutual of team members preferences for initiating or adapting to change whereas Belbins team types offer a way of analyzing a teams fitness for purpose and encouraging team members to do something about any significant gaps. The writers insist that the leaders should be aware of the type of team that can best suit the change process and how to manage that for effective and efficient achievement of the desired goals. Organizational behavior and assumptions how things really work are really important in determining the organizational response to change. This book deeply reviews the range of models and approaches developed by the significant authors in the field of business and socio-dynamics. The writers state that it is very important for the leaders and the individuals to understand their own assumptions about managing change, in order to challenge them and examine the possibilities offered by different assumptions. Comparisons of assumptions held by the employers and employees are very useful and increased understanding of each others perspective help to reduce frustration. Gareth Morgans work on organizational metaphors provides a useful way of looking at the range of assumptions that exist about how organizations work. The four most commonly used organizational metaphors are: The machine metaphor The machine metaphor is deeply ingrained in our ideas about how organizations run. According to it the project management and planning oriented approaches can be used to tackle the change. The political metaphor The political map of organizational life is recognized as vital key factor to organizational change. The organism metaphor This model is very prevalent in the human resource world, as it underpins much of the thinking that drove the creation of the HR function in organizations. The organism metaphor views change as a process of adapting to changes in the environment. The focus is on designing interventions to decrease resistance to change, and increase the forces for change. The metaphor of flux and transformation The metaphor for flux and transformation appears to model the true complexity of how change really happens. If we use this lens to view the organizational life it does not lead to a neat formulae or concise how to approaches. To be an effective manager we need to be flexible and select appropriate models and approaches for particular situations. Some of these models suggested in this book are as follow: Kurt Lewin three step model Bullock and Battens planned change approach Philip Kotters eight steps to change Beckhard and Harris change formula Nadler and Tushman Congruence model William Bridges model for managing the transition Carnalls change management model Senge systemic model Stacey and Shaw complex responsive processes. Different metaphors of change lead to different assumptions about what good leaders do. The writers of this book believe that the most effective ideas about change combine a number of metaphors, bringing the maximum benefits and avoiding the pitfalls of blinkered thinking. A popular notion of leadership is of the hero leader who leads from the front with determination, great vision and independence of mind. Bennis distinguished leadership from management and placed visionary leadership high on the agenda. Heifetz and Laurie and Jean Lipman-Blumen all argue against the need for visionary leadership. They advocate adaptive leadership which is about taking people out of their comfort zones, letting people feel external pressure and exposing conflict. Jean Lipman-Blumen instead emphasizes the need for leaders to ensure connectivity. Different metaphors of the change process imply different leadership roles. Senge advocates dispersed leadership, identifying three key types of leaders in an organizational system. If these three roles are in place and are well connected then change will happen naturally. Mary Beth ONeil names four key roles. Thoughts and actions i.e inner and outer leadership are both important for achieving organizational change. According to Kotter the hard work in the earlier stages of change process are vital for the success whereas Rosabeth Moss Kanter suggests that the harder part comes in the middle and the perseverance is necessary for success. Covey lists a set of principles and guidelines to help leaders to develop positive thinking pattern. The writers believe that the leader of change has to be courageous and self aware. He has to choose the right action at the right time and to keep a steady eye on the ball. However the leader cannot make the change happen alone. A team needs to be in place wit well thought out roles, and committed people. In this book the writers have identified four generic change scenarios and has looked at the particular management challenges involved in initiating and implementing each type of change. These change scenarios are: Structural change Mergers and acquisitions Cultural change IT- based change. Restructuring is an ever present phenomenon in todays organizations, though it could be highly unrewarding for those who initiates and those who experience it. But the leader needs to define the new changes with a clear vision and describe the objectives and goals of new structure, roles, and responsibilities, work processes for the individuals, interpersonal relationships in and out of the organization and new organizational and departmental strategies for the successful achievement of goals of organizational change. Mergers and acquisitions are another modern trend iof combating emerging environmental and technical changes. There are usually five main reasons for undertaking a merger or acquyisition: Growth Synergy Diversification Integration Deal doing Writer have suggested five golden rules for leaders to follow for effective mergers and acquisitions , which are as follow: communicate constantly get the structure right tackle the cultural issues keep customers on board use a clear overall process Culture is not just about induction programmes, it is everywhere in organizational life. Culture is vitally important for the organization because of its impact on performance. If the culture has to be changed we need to first develop an understanding about how it evolves. Schein (1999) suggests that there are six ways in which culture evolves. Some of these can be influenced by the leader and some cannot. A general evolution in which the organization adapt to its environment. A specific evolution of teams and sub-groups within the organization to their different environments. A guided evolution resulting from cultural insights on the part of leaders. A guided evolution through encouraging teams to learn from each other A planned and managed culture change through creation of parallel systems of project oriented task forces. A partial or total cultural destruction through new leadership. The writers suggest guidelines for achieving successful cultural change which is as follow: Always link to organizational vision, mission and objectives Create a sense of urgency and continually reinforce the need to change Attend to stake holder issues Build on the old and step into the new Generate enabling mechanisms create a community of focused and flexible leaders Insist on the collective ownership of the change. For having an IT-based change the organization needs to align organizational strategy with IT strategy other wise such changes will cause some major problems for the organization. My opinion about the book The book Making Sense of Change Management: A complete Guide to the Models, Tools Techniques of Organizational Change written by Esther Cameron and Mike Green, is about making sense of change management. The world we live in is continuously undergoing rapid changes at an intense rate. Each day dawns with a new invention, with an important discovery emerging from almost every field of life. The rate of change and discovery outpaces our potentials to keep up with them. The organization we work in or rely on to meet our needs and demands are also changing dramatically in terms of their strategies, their structures, their systems cultures, their boundaries and of course their expectations and responses to their stakeholders. This book and its writers Cameron and Green seems to hold the objective of helping their readers understand why change happens, how change happens, and what needs to be done to make change a more welcoming concept by carefully reviewing a wealth of resources that provide models, tools, and techniques of organizational change. Their purpose is not to explain how to plan and then implement a change initiative program instead of this their focus is on developing an understanding among their readers. The material in this volume is carefully organized within two parts. This book is a great resource for managers thrown into the midst of change, who need to gain understanding of what happens when you try to make significant changes in a business, and how best to manage people through it. This book is really helpful for leaders and managers in organizations to make sense of change management, providing insights into different frameworks and describing ways of approaching change at an individual, team, and organizational level. This book can be a guideline for any organization that needs to understand why change happens, how it happens and what needs to be done to make a change a welcome, rather than an unwelcome, visitor. It offers considered insights into the many frameworks, models and ways of approaching change and helps the reader to apply the right approach to each unique situation. This is a book that lives up to its titleit really does provide a toolkit to make sense of change. Every theory or main concept is accompanied by Stop and Think section where questions are listed to help the reader to reflect about what they have read in that section of the book. They also provide a chance to apply their theoretical knowledge to the real world situation and in this manner; way for cognitive and constructive learning is paved. The only thing which seems to be missing from this book is the case study. If each section or chapter is supplemented with a real world case study, this toolkit will become more effective and sharpen problem solving skills of the readers at one hand and an instant application of their learned skills on the other. Overall its an impressive practical book that will help managers who are looking for ideas rather than instruction. This is theoretically underpinned book on change which recognizes a multiplicity of perspectives.

Czech Cultural Analysis

Cultural Analysis – Czech Republic Missouri University of Science and Technology ` table of contents table of contentsii 1. 0Czech vs u. s. Culture – hofstede’s model3 2. 0Czech business culture – trompenaaris classificaion7 3. 0U. S. Business culture change needed7 4. 0bibliography9 1. 0Czech vs u. s. Culture – hofstede’s model The Czech Republic has its roots as a former communist state known as Czechoslovakia. The fall of communism and the transformation to a democratic government has seasoned this country’s history. From the â€Å"Velvet Revolution† in 1989 to the charismatic leadership of the poet Vaclav Havel, the Czech Republic has developed well in the European cultures (Katz 2008). The Czech Republic had an estimated GDP of $288. 6 billion in 2011, which is ranked 45th against other world countries. Auto exports are the main economic driver with Germany being a large consumer of their export goods (The cia world, 2012). Context The classification of high-context or low-context gives us very useful cultural distinctions. A high-context culture relies heavily on unspoken cues in conversation. They tend to want to establish trust first in business negotiations, value a personal relations and goodwill, agree by general trust, and negotiate in a slow ritualistic manner. A low-context culture generally gets straight to the point and does not bother with ritualistic negotiations or getting to know one another personally before business deals. A low-context culture usually values expertise and performance, likes to make agreements with legalistic types of contracts, and negotiates as effective as possible (Kreitner, 2012). People in the Czech Republic tend to use body language sparingly with little physical contact. However, when communicating with them, silence could mean a problem, especially if they lower their eyes. The Czech people value punctuality and are a schedule oriented people. They like to schedule meetings in advance and require notification if one is going to be late. The Czech do like to get down to business, but the pace of business could be slow at first until you build relationship. The Czechs also prefer written terms and conditions when making business transactions (Katz 2008). All of these characteristics describe a low-context culture. The U. S. s a low-context culture as well (Kreitner, 2012), so doing business with Czech people will not seem too foreign to our U. S. company. Hofstede’s Model The Hofstede’s Model can be used to help classify the national culture of the Czech Republic and can give us insight into how the U. S. compares. With this information, we can determine if our company culture is a good fit for doing business in the Czech Republic. The 5 cultural dimensions of Hofstede’s model will be used: power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation and will be compared to our U. S. results. Power distance is defined as a dimension that deals with the fact that not all individuals in society are equal. This dimension captures the attitude of a culture toward this reality. A low score would mean that the culture has an attitude that people should be equal in society, and a high score would represent an attitude of acceptance of these large inequalities in society. The U. S. scores low on this dimension (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). We subscribe to the mentality of â€Å"liberty and justice for all,† which can explain the low score. The Czech Republic has a slightly higher score than the U. S. hich means that they have an attitude more acceptable of societal inequalities (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). This can probably be traced back to their roots as a communist country, where societal members had to get used to the one party government that was highly hierarchal. The individualism dimension captures the degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members (Kreitner, 2012). The U. S. scores very high on the individualism dimension. We are accustomed to the idea that we need to take care of ourselves and our families. â€Å"Rugged individualism† is a characteristic of many Americans and politicians. The Czech Republic, on the other hand, score much lower score on individualism, and tend to value the mentality that â€Å"we are in this together. † This can be seen in their different types of advertising in their country. Their advertising constantly appeals to family happiness, togetherness, and friendship focusing on groups of people enjoying life together (Taylor, 2002). Masculinity is a dimension that characterizes a culture’s tendency toward valuing competition and success defined by winning at whatever the challenge, or the culture’s value of caring of others and quality of life. A high masculinity score would be the former and a lower masculinity score would be the latter. The Czech Republic and the U. S. have a very similar score here (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). They are both right in the middle of the scale and can be categorized as having a good balance between competition and striving to be on top as the winner, and caring for others along the way. Uncertainty avoidance is a dimension that captures a society’s way that they deal with ambiguity. The anxiety of an unknown future can lead to a societal out pour that creates beliefs or institutions to try to avoid this anxiety (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). In the Czech Republic, the older generations tend to want to avoid uncertainty and are reluctant to take risks. This can most likely be traced back to when the country was communist. The younger generations are, however, more open due to more international exposure, but the Czech Republic scores relatively high in this dimension (Katz 2008). The U. S. has a significantly lower score when it comes to uncertainty avoidance (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). The U. S. is willing to take risks and accepts risk as part of life and business. The U. S. culture is more open to new ideas and is willing to try something new or different. The U. S. subscribes to the value of â€Å"freedom of expression. † Long-term orientation is the measure of where a society is focused. It can be defined as â€Å"the extent to which a society shows a pragmatic future-oriented perspective rather than a conventional historical short-term point of view† (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). Both the Czech Republic and the U. S. score low on this dimension. This means that business measure their performance on a short-term basis. They are focused on what they can earn right now, and can be seen in the fact that profits are calculated on a quarterly reporting basis. This drives people to struggle for quick results in the work place. The Czech Republic can be said to be competitive, but know the value of a long-term relationship (Katz 2008). Even with this said, the Czech Republic scores a lower score than the U. S. These five cultural dimensions described above can be seen graphically in the figures below (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). Figure 1: Hofstede dimensions of Czech Republic and U. S. 2. 0Czech business culture – trompenaaris classificaion The Czech Republic could be classified as having a Guided Missile corporate culture. Czechs highly value formal education and expertise. They recognize and value the power of knowledge (Katz 2008). The Czech people like the win-win negotiations and strive for this in business transactions. They place this mentality on business with a focus on task oriented business success (Katz 2008). Negotiations are competitive, but business men in the Czech Republic tend to hold their cards close to their chest and do not lie often (Katz 2008). Czech management is seen as a team leader with the organization predominantly a continuous process of solving problems successfully. This is in somewhat contrast as to the U. S. company. The U. S. Company is described as an Incubator. This company is person-oriented and values giving power to the individual (Trompenaars, 2003). This is in contrast to the more structured corporate structure of the Guided Missile. The Incubator has the main characteristics that value commitment of oneself and professional recognition, where the Guided Missile’s characteristics are more of paying for performance and management by objectives (Trompenaars, 2003). 3. 0U. S. Business culture change needed A culture change may or may not be needed for the U. S. Company to thrive in the Czech Republic. There will be some corporate cultural tension, however, which can be the catalyst or driving force for change according to Fons Trompenaars (Trompenaars, 2003). One way to manage corporate culture change when going from U. S. to the Czech Republics would be to restructure authority to managers who have show innovation and learning as their main objectives in their goals. Another way to foster change would be to make learning and improvement a part of day to day task descriptions. Finally it would be beneficial to the U. S. Company to describe rewards in terms of clearly stated innovation outputs. These techniques described above will help foster culture change in the U. S. Company to move toward a more ideal corporate culture from an Incubator to a Guided Missile (Trompenaars, 2003). 4. 0bibliography Katz, L. (2008). Negotiating international business – the negotiator’s reference guide. (2nd ed. , pp. 1-5). Retrieved from http://www. globalnegotiationresources. com/cou/CzechRepublic. pdf (2012). The cia world factbook. Washington D. C. : The U. S. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved from https://www. ia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ez. html Kreitner, R. (2012). Organizational behavior. (10 ed. ). Arizona: McGraw- Hill. Hofstede, G. , & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind, by hofstede, 2nd revised and expanded edition. New York: McGraw Hill. Taylor, Charles (2002). Advertising in the Czech Republic: Czech perceptions of effective advertising and advertising clutter. Vol. Iss: 12, pp. 137 – 149. Trompenaars, F. (2003). A new framework for managing change across cultures. Journal of change management, 3(4), 361-375.

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The Color Purple Gender Roles - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1216 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Gender Roles Essay Did you like this example? The Color Purple follows the traumatic life experience of Celie, the main character in the movie, a young African-American woman. She was raised in the rural parts in Georgia and grew up thinking that someone had to have power over her because of the position of her father. Her father was a man that thought that women had to do whatever ever to please him and satisfy all of his needs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Color Purple Gender Roles" essay for you Create order This left no exception to his daughter, Celie, who was repeatedly raped by her father, and ends up giving birth to two kids at a very young age because of it. Her father takes the kids away because he doesnt want anyone to know what was going on and because if someone knew his daughter had been pregnant, he wouldnt be able to marry her off. Celie has a sister named Nettie who the father seems to protect and care for more because when a man comes to marry her, the father urges him to take Celie instead. This situation was no better for Celie because if it wasnt the same it was worse than her being abused by her father. exploitation. Celie writes letter to God and explains to him all the details of her life because she feels like nobody else is listening. Her father always told her to tell nobody but God and that stuck with her through all of her tragedies and triumphs because she was able to get through it that way. But throughout the movie Celie meets women who all have very different personalities and ways that they deal with the men in their life. By building these relationships with other black women, Celie gets strength and is able to develop insight from all of their point of views. In the end she gets to develop a sense of her own right knowing who she is and what it means to be a woman. She is able to grow her own values and understand what her experiences have done for her and how they shaped who she was able to be. It allowed her to see that she was independent and didnt need a man to take care of her or provide for her. In the film, the gender roles are shown very clearly. The males in this film are shown as having the most power and being the leader of the household and controlling everything. They dont do work, are very dominant and show no affection of care. They have the most control over the women in the film because they show them as bowing down to the men as a sign of respect. The women in the film are seen as obedient and submissive and someone without a voice. We see this with Celie because she is given away as a piece of property to her husband Albert, who is referred to as Mr., without any consent or choice in the matter. She becomes a slave to her husband and has to stay in line with his views or else she would be severely beaten and punished. Celie has lost all of her freedom through this and we see this because when Mr. wants to have sex, even if Celie does not, she is forced to do so. Celie is talked down to and seen as small by all the men in her life. She is supposed to do everythin g from the cooking, cleaning, tending to children, working in the fields, and is still seen as less to a man. There are other characters in this movie that challenge their gender roles. The first one that we notice is between Harpo and Sofias relationship. We get to see a big difference in this relationship the what we see in Celie and Albert. Sophia is not the norm when it comes to marrying Harpo and he begins to clearly see this after they are married. She shows that women can be powerful and dominant in a relationship and that there should be a balance. Sophia is not one that can be bossed around and states how she will always make her own decisions. She will not be the wife that listens and does whatever Harpo has to say. She wanted to feel respected by her husband and she wants Harpo to talk and share ideas with her. Sophia and Harpo get into a fight and Sophia actually wins the fight. This is different because he is he man, and his wife is fighting him back and now he feels like less of a man and we can see that Sophia is very clear that she wont back down to bow down. In the end, Har po is the one that changes and is he is doing all of the things which are normally left for the woman to do and he is accepting of this. He came around and understood that it was okay to not have that dominant power but to be equals and that he doesnt need to conform to the general standards of their society. Because of the disruption of traditional gender roles in the film The Color Purple, we see a lot of growth in the women that are presented throughout the movie. We get an understanding on how they are being oppressed and how they can overcome it. It shows a lot of female solidarity because a lot of the women lean on each other in the movie for advice and companionship and through their experiences they are able to grow and unify as women. These women are looked as lesser than their male counters, but we see just how strong they are. They fight for their freedom and I think that is the best thing about the movie because they do it together with each others guidance and support. In the end, the movie came full circle with the women being strong and independent. The women were able to celebrate what it meant to be a female. It showed how their experiences developed and guided their emotional strength and how they were able to take control of their life. The movie challenged the traditional female and male roles and it showed how women can be the provider and men can let their female partner show masculine characteristics and it not be something that isnt accepted by society. This movie showed the parallels between the third wave of feminism. It was able to show how African American women were rooted in their culture, religion, and history. It showed how there was growth in the movement but that there is still working to be done so that women arent seen as objects that are weak, but very strong. I think The Color Purple showed many different parallels to gender roles that are traditional today and some that arent. It also suggested many ideas that gave the viewer insight on what it means to be a male and what it means to be a female. It gave clear views on what society views as what is acceptable and is normal, but it also showed what we might need to think twice about and what we should change. As a viewer, I enjoyed this film becau se it showed no matter what gender you are, you deserve equality.